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A study of the judicial systems and the professional legal staffs in several Hans

几个汉族司法制度和专业法律人员的研究

基本信息

批准号：
22530005
负责人：
JIMBO Fumio
金额：
$ 2.66万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2010 至 2012
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22530005/
关键词：
法制史藩法江戸幕府法裁判法実務吟味筋出入筋近世法法曹

项目摘要

Based on the historical materials of several characteristic domains (Hans), this study intended to clarify the judicial systems and the legal practice of those professional staffs through the comparison with that of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The result is as follows:(1) An outline of the judiciary and the judicial officers’ legal practice in Tsuyama-han have been clarified.(2) Based on a number of judicial cases, it has been clarified that the felonious matters could be settled by Deiri-suji (adversary procedure) instead of Gimmi-suji (inquisitorial procedure) before Kujikata-osadamegaki established.(3) By the record of two cases of Megataki-uchi (revenge against wife's enemy, or adulteress and adulterer) happened in Horeki 3 (1753), the Han officers’ legal practice for handling such cases has been clarified minutely.(4) Against the recent view that the suit system in the Edo era suffered from malfunction and was useless for people, I argued that the suit system were actually used well, moreover, people’s criticism for the judicial system had significant meaning in those days(5) Studying on parodies of legal documents, it has been realized that the forms of legal documents has spread widely and become familiar to people, and those parodies implied the criticism for the rigid and stiffened justice in the latter half of the Edo period.

本研究以几个具有特色的领域（汉族）史料为基础，通过与德川幕府的司法制度的比较，来阐明这些专业人员的司法制度和法律的实践。研究结果如下：（1）明确了津山坂司法机关和司法官的法律的实践概况。(2)根据一些司法案例，已经澄清，在Kujikata-osadamegaki成立之前，重罪事项可以通过Deiri-suji（对抗式程序）而不是Gimmi-suji（审问式程序）解决。(3)通过对《法事三》（1753年）中两起“报复内仇”（奸夫奸妇）案件的记载，对汉代官吏处理此类案件的法律的实践作了较为详细的阐述。(4)针对近年来认为江户时代的诉讼制度功能不全，对人们无用的观点，笔者认为诉讼制度实际上得到了很好的运用，而且当时人们对司法制度的批评具有重要意义。（5）通过对法律的文书仿拟的研究，认识到法律的文书的形式已经广泛传播并为人们所熟悉，这些戏仿隐含着对江户后半期僵化司法的批判。