Evaluation of the mechanism for the release of HMGN1, an alarmin, from LPS stimulated cells.

HMGN 1是一种非组蛋白的染色体蛋白，可诱导树突状细胞募集到HMGN 1给药部位，并增强抗原特异性免疫应答。因此，估计HMGN 1在细胞外环境中释放时充当报警蛋白。在这项研究中，我们阐明了HMGN 1从小鼠巨噬细胞RAW细胞通过LPS刺激释放的机制。HMGN 1的释放伴随着细胞死亡，而细胞死亡不受半胱天冬酶-1的特异性抑制剂Ac-YVAD-CHO的影响。总之，这些观察结果表明，HMGN 1的释放伴随着LPS诱导的细胞死亡，这是独立的半胱天冬酶-1激活。

HMGN1, a non-histon chromosomal protein, induces the recruitment of dendritic cells into the sites of HMGN1 administration, and enhances the antigen-specific immune responses. Thus, HMGN1 is estimated to act as an alarmin, when released in the extracellular milieu. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of HMGN1 release from mouse macrophage RAW cells by LPS stimulation. HMGN1 release was accompanied with cell death which is not affected by Ac-YVAD-CHO, a specific inhibitor of caspase-1. Together these observations indicate that HMGN1 release is accompanied with the LPS-induced cell death, which is independent of caspase-1 activation.