E ffect of professional tongue cleaning on oral conditions of healthy adults.

为了明确清舌习惯的流行情况，在岩手县进行了问卷调查，并在东京、北京和上海进行了网络调查，以进行国际比较。结果显示，在都道府县的不同地区以及不同国家（中国人有更频繁的习惯），患病率存在差异。由于医疗/牙科专业人员的信息或建议可能有助于普通人养成舌头清洁的习惯，因此需要研究证据支持他们的建议。（特别是，牙龈卟啉单胞菌通过测量口腔空气中挥发性硫化合物的方法，对牙周健康成人牙菌斑中的挥发性硫化合物进行了研究。我们之前提出的清洁，我们进行了交叉研究。作为结果，专业清洁对舌苔去除的优势，即使在3天后的清洁观察。我们比较了牙菌斑中的具核梭杆菌的量与牙周健康成人的舌苔通过实时PCR。结果表明，F的量与F的量呈正相关。牙菌斑和舌苔的细胞核内存在F.我们采用基于16 S rRNA的实时PCR检测了去除菌斑和舌苔前后的细菌水平。结果，与去除前（第1天）相比，在第3天进行和不进行舌头清洁的牙菌斑样品中的平均细菌数量显著减少。10天后，与第1天相比，受试者进行舌头清洁的差异更大，但无显著性。总之，舌头清洁可以抑制斑块的形成，虽然目前的研究结果显示只有轻微的变化。

To clarify prevalence of tongue cleaning habit, questionnaire survey was performed in Iwate prefecture, and web surveys were conducted in Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai for international comparison. As the results, differences in prevalence were existed by region in the prefecture as well as by country (Chinese had the habit more frequently). Since information or recommendation by medical/dental professionals may contribute to make tongue cleaning habit of common people, research evidence supporting their recommendation are required.It was possible to predict colonization of periodontopathic bacteri (especially, Porphyromonas gingivalis) in dental plaque of periodontally healthy adults by means of measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in their mouth air.To investigate the continuous effects of professional tongue cleaning we proposed previously, we conducted a crossover study. As the results, the advantages of professional cleaning on removal of tongue coating against the self-cleaning was observed even after 3 days from the cleanings.We compared the amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum in dental plaque with those of tongue coating from periodontally healthy adults by a real-time PCR. As the results, positive correlation was observed in the amount of F. nucleatum of dental plaque and tongue coating which suggested that there was a circulation of F. nucleatum between dental plaque and tongue coating.We examined bacteria levels in dental plaque and tongue coating before and after their removal by 16S rRNA based real-time PCR. As the results, the average numbers of bacteria in dental plaque samples with and without tongue cleaning were significantly lesser on day 3 as compared to those before removal (day 1). After 10 days, the difference as compared to day 1 was greater in case subjects performed tongue cleaning, though there was no significance. In conclusion, tongue cleaning may inhibit plaque formation, though the present findings showed only slight changes.