A historical study of school physical education in Austria during the period of the occupation 1945-1955

本研究利用位于维也纳的奥地利国家档案馆的历史资料，分析了第二次世界大战后奥地利学校体育的重建过程。在本研究中特别重要的观点是奥地利在1945年至1955年被盟军占领的事实。笔者发现新的史实是美国在奥地利的军政府曾试图引进美国的学校体育理论和实践，如团体学习制、篮球等。这项研究表明，第二次世界大战后奥地利学校体育重建的另一个重要方面是，奥地利全国只有少数学校建立了附属体育馆。在奥地利，缺乏健身房很可能是一个长期存在的问题。

This study used historical materials owned by Austria National Archives in Vienna, and analyzed that the process of the reconstruction about school physical education in Austria after the Second World War. Especially the important perspective in this study is the fact that Austria occupied by the Allied Powers from 1945 until 1955. I find that new historical fact is the military government of USA in Austria had attempted to introduce American theories and practices of school physical education that were group learning system, basketball and so on.This study has suggested that another significant aspect of the reconstruction of school physical education in Austria after the Second World War was only a small number of establishing gymnasiums attached to the schools in all Austria. It is likely that lack of gymnasium is a chronic problem for a long time in Austria.