A historical study of school physical education in Austria during the period of the occupation 1945-1955

利用奥地利国家档案馆在维也纳拥有的史料，分析了二战后奥地利学校体育重建的过程。尤其是这一研究的重要视角是1945年至1955年奥地利被盟国占领的事实。我发现，新的历史事实是，奥地利的美国军政府试图引进美国学校体育的理论和实践，如集体学习制度、篮球等。这项研究表明，二战后奥地利学校体育重建的另一个重要方面是在奥地利全国范围内只建立了少数附属于学校的体育馆。在奥地利，体育馆的缺乏很可能是一个长期存在的问题。

This study used historical materials owned by Austria National Archives in Vienna, and analyzed that the process of the reconstruction about school physical education in Austria after the Second World War. Especially the important perspective in this study is the fact that Austria occupied by the Allied Powers from 1945 until 1955. I find that new historical fact is the military government of USA in Austria had attempted to introduce American theories and practices of school physical education that were group learning system, basketball and so on.This study has suggested that another significant aspect of the reconstruction of school physical education in Austria after the Second World War was only a small number of establishing gymnasiums attached to the schools in all Austria. It is likely that lack of gymnasium is a chronic problem for a long time in Austria.