Induction of neurogenesis from endogenous neural precursors in the adult brain after stroke by long-term voluntary execise

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Long-term voluntary exercise (EX) decreased stroke events in stroke-prone genetically hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Volume of cerebral lesion was also reduced and neural defects were improved, resulting in prolonged life span in post-stroke EX rats. Possible strategies for regenerating damaged central nervous system;(1)activation of endogenous neural stem (progenitor) cells (NSC) (2)modification of microenvironment surrounding stroke lesion for their development and differentiation (3)enhanced migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and NSC. We found that Ex increased the number of NSC and EPC, and enhaced their differentiation in lateral venticle and cerebral lesion. Cell senescence in bone marrow was suppressed by EX. Production of inflammatory factors in plasma, CSF and lesion was also decreased in EX rats. The improvement may depend on NO production. Nerve growth factors and chemokine including BDNF, FGF, EGF, IGF-1 and CXCL12 were produced in early phase after stroke in EX.