A Comparative Study on the Evaluation and Certification of Learning Outcomes in Upper Secondary Education

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What has been clarified as to the international trends on the evaluation and certification of Learning outcomes in upper secondary education are the following two points.First, in countries such as singapore, UK, Sweden, and France, where outside public examination systems are in practice to certify the completion of secondary education, an attempt to introduce process and/or performance evaluation is being made to evaluate new competencies in addition to the evaluation through one-shot examinations.Secondly, among the countries surveyed, a common orientation that pays basic respect on individual schools has been witnessed on the methods of evaluation and certification of learning outcomes, based on the common understanding of students' competencies which need to be fostered in upper secondary schools, in view of both qualification-based and completion-based approaches.