Activities for the progress of science through education by the British scientists of the X club and the formation process of science education in first half of 1880's in Japan

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In this research following points were revealed. (1) Institutionalization of science education in Britain was started by The Elementary Education Act 1870 and by the reports in 1870-75-years by the "Devonshire Commission" on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science. The scientists of the X club contributed to those through their activities for the promotion of science education in the British Association for the Advancement of Science. (2) They were driven to those activities, because many of them went to the professions the hard ways, and because three leading members of the X club had met for the first time at the B. A. meeting at Ipswich in 1851. (3) In first half of 1880's in Japan, the scientists who led the promotion of science education by Ministry of Education and Educational Museum learned much for the institutionalization and the activities of the X club, but there was a situation that could not be sustained the promotion in Japan.