Establishment of the general principle of color universal design based on the color recognition characteristics of colorblind and low-vision people

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Colorblind people and low-vision people feel difficulty in distinguishing certain combinations of colors. We analyzed general rules behind this phenomena with much higher detail than before by systematically making a large set of color patches with incremental values of CIE color coordinates using a computer, and by asking colorblind and low-vision collaborators to report confusing ranges of these patches. Based on this knowledge, we developed color designs of meteorological information maps for the Japan Meteorological Agency. By laying real-world test samples in our university campus, we also developed a new color design of tactile paving blocks that satisfies both low-vision peoples' demand for clear visibility and architectural designers' preference for blending with the scenery. In addition, we developed a new design of wheelchair front wheels that facilitate easy crossing over tactile blocks and lighter manipulation on tilted roads.