Tailor-made bone regeneration as a pre-prosthodontic treatment based on the concept of tissue engineering triad

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According to the principle of tissue engineering triad, cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffold are thought to be essential for regeneration. From this point, it is supposed that not every site expected to augment bone tissue requires same element.From the results of our experiments, the local application of both osteoblast-differentiation factor and osteoblast-proliferation factor could induce bone formation. But the bone induced by the former represented more mineralized bone than that induced by the latter. In addition, osteoblast-differentiation factor stimulated the Smad-signaling pathway in the osteoblast-like cells.