Macrophages are associated with exercise-induced increase in insulin sensitivity

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Exercise is a powerful tool to enhance insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, however, the precise mechanisms are largely unknown. We hypothesized that macrophages, especially anti-inflammatory M 2 macrophages, are associated with increase in muscle insulin sensitivity after exercise. A single bout of treadmill running increased number of M2 macrophages in skeletal muscle in PBS-ex group. On the other hand, in CL-ex group, number of M2 macrophages were not increased after exercise. Concomitant with change of M2 macrophages, insulin-stimulated 2-DG uptake was increased 24 h after a single bout of exercise in PBS-ex group, however, CL-ex group were not. From these results,we concluded that M2 macrophages are involved in exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity.