A Study of Sport Infrastructure and Clubs in Community

本研究旨在通过对社区体育系统的考察，构建评价社区体育基础设施的指标体系。本研究分为两部分：社区体育俱乐部研究和社区体育基础设施研究。采用了一种综合的方法，包括文献回顾、实地考察和问卷调查。在对体育示范区和社区体育俱乐部进行实地调研的基础上，采用邮寄调查法回收了144份调查问卷。对多个体育俱乐部和一个体育俱乐部之间的数据进行了分析。结果显示，社员人数、经费总额、设施、活动日程、领导与导师、管理政策等方面均有显著差异。应该指出的是，在多项体育俱乐部中只有四分之一需要缴纳会员费。在社区体育基础设施建设研究中，对687个城市进行了问卷调查，回收问卷385份。用29个指标组成的三个因素对社区体育基础设施进行评价：硬装、软装和人装。结果显示，约80%的城市向社区居民开放了一半的学校体育设施。根据硬装、软装、人装和整体基础设施的调查结果，提名了前20个城市。提出了在社区推广体育的切实可行的政策和策略。

The purpose of this study was to construct the indicies for evaluating sport infrastructures in the community by means of examinining sport systems in communities. This study was conprized of two parts : a study of community sport clubs and a study of sport infrastructures in the community. An integrative approach using a review of the literature, field works and questionnaire surveys has been adopted. Field works were conducted in both model regions in sport and community sport clubs.In the study of community sport clubs, 144 questionnaires were obtained by means of mail survey method. Data were analyzed between multi-sports clubs and a sport-specific clubs. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the number of members, total budget, facilities, activities schedules, leaders and instructors, management policies. It should be noted that among only a quarter of multi-sports clubs membership fee was required. There would be diffiiculties after completing the financial assistance from governments among those clubs.In the study of sport infrastructures in the community, a questionnaire survey was conducted to 687 cities, while 385 questionnaires were returned. Three factors consisting of 29 indicies were used for evaluating sport infrastructures in the community : hardwear, softwear, and humanwear. The results indicated that approximately 80% of all cities opened half of the school sport facilities to the people in the community. Top twenty cities were nominated according to the findings of hardwear, softwear, humanwear, and total infrastructure. Practical policies and strategies in promoting sport in community were suggested.