RESOCIALIZATION INTO SPORT OF THE MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY

随着21世纪日本老年人数量的不断增加，“积极的生活方式”已成为重要的社会关注点。本研究旨在探讨中老年人体育再社会化的过程。对参加1992年全国老年运动会的304名运动员和参加1993年全国体育娱乐节的971名运动员进行了问卷调查。1992年的研究表明，体育社会化过程因运动种类而异。网球运动员支持连续性理论，而滚球运动员则支持再社会化理论。门球运动员支持连续性理论和再社会化理论。1993年的研究表明，中年女性比男性更容易重新融入体育活动。结果表明，中年时期的体育参与对老年时期的积极生活方式有显著影响，提示中年时期的体育参与退休前教育对老年人的体育参与是有效的。此外，适当的体育节目和活动，为中老年人和无障碍俱乐部或地点是有益的，在老年社会的体育推广。

With the increasing number of the elderly in the 21 century of Japan, "active lifestyle" has become an important social concern. The purpose of this study was to examine the process of resocialization into sport of the middle-aged and elderly. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to the 304 participants at the National Senior Games in 1992 and to the 971 participants at the National Sport and Recreation Festival in 1993. Cross-tabulation analyzes were conducted to the data obtained.The 1992 study indicated that socialization process into sport varied by the kind of sport. While continuity theory was supported by tennis playrs, resocialization theory was identified in petanque playrs. It was also found that continuity theory and resocialization theory were supported by gateball playrs. The 1993 study showed that resocialization into sport were seen more in middle-aged females than those of males. It was found that active involvement in sport during middle-aged made a significant influence upon the active lifestyle during the elderly.It was suggested that pre-retirenment education of sport participation during the middle-aged was effective for the sport involvement of the elderly. Furthermore, appropriate sport programs and events for the middle-aged and elderly with accessible clubs or locations were useful for sport promotion in the aged society.