Study of the Authorized Japanese Textbooks for Hokkaido : Its Characteristics and Significance

(1)编写教科书的背景由於北海道与日本大陆在环境和文化上存在差异，因此对“针对北海道情况的日语教科书”的需求非常迫切。(2)环境S在1940年代末，北海道的要求实现了，教科书制度从编写国家教科书改为经教育部授权，可以为一门学科出版不同的教科书。从1953年到1956年，共发行了33本所谓的《北海道授权日语教科书》(《Shougaku Kokugo》1953、1954(修订版)、1956(新版)，由筑路、藤村和北海道日本教育协会主编，Kyoikushpanan出版)。在此期间，这些教科书被北海道各地采用和使用。虽然这一创新尝试引发了对初中教科书体系的讨论，但由于政府不承认地区教科书的决定，没有采取进一步的行动。(3)教科书的特点和意义教科书的目的是培养日本人的综合能力，并告知北海道的时事和情况。这些教科书的内容以叙事、童话、诗歌、传记和旅行小品的形式编写，主要涉及北海道的自然、日常生活和工业。由于这些特点，可以说这些教科书是全国瞩目的日本教科书。

(1) The Background to the Compilation of TextbooksDue to the environmental and cultural differences which exist in Hokkaido, as compared to mainland Japan, there has been a desperate demand for 'Japanese textbooks which address the Hokkaido situation.'(2) The CircumstanceIn the late 1940's, Hokkaido's request came true when the textbook system was changed from the compilation of national textbooks, to the authorization by the Ministry of Education, so that varying textbooks could be published for a single subject. From 1953 to 1956, 33 so called 'Authorized Japanese textbooks for Hokkaido ('Shougaku Kokugo' 1953, 1954 (revised edition), 1956 (new edition), edited by Tsukuru, Fujimura and Hokkaido Association of Japanese Education, published by Kyoikushuppan) were released. During this period, these textbooks were adopted and used throughout Hokkaido. Although this innovative trial brought upon the discussions about the textbook system of junior high school, no further action was taken in this direction due to the governmental decision which did not acknowledge the textbooks for districts.(3) Characteristics and Significance of the TextbooksThe textbooks were aimed at fostering general Japanese competence as well as at informing current events and situations in Hokkaido. The contents of these textbooks, written in the form of narratives, fairy tales, poetry, biography, , and travel sketches, dealt mainly with Hokkaido's nature, everyday life and industry. Because of these characteristics, one could say that these were nationally remarkable Japanese textbooks.