Study of the Authorized Japanese Textbooks for Hokkaido : Its Characteristics and Significance

(1)教科书编写的背景由于北海道与日本本土相比，存在着环境和文化上的差异，因此对针对北海道情况的日语教科书的需求非常迫切。（2）情况1940年代后期，北海道的要求得以实现，教科书制度由国家教科书的编写改为文部省的授权，一门学科可以出版不同的教科书。从1953年到1956年，共出版了33本所谓的“北海道审定日语教科书”（由Tsukuru、Fujimura和北海道日本语教育协会编辑，由Kyoikushuppan出版的“小学国语”1953年、1954年（修订版）、1956年（新版））。在此期间，这些教科书被采纳并在整个北海道使用。虽然这一创新尝试引发了关于初中教科书制度的讨论，但由于政府决定不承认地区教科书，因此没有采取进一步行动。(3)教科书的特点和意义教科书的目的是培养一般的日语能力，并告知北海道的时事和情况。这些教科书的内容主要涉及北海道的自然、日常生活和工业，以叙事、童话、诗歌、传记和旅行速写的形式编写。由于这些特点，可以说这些是全国瞩目的日本教科书。

(1) The Background to the Compilation of TextbooksDue to the environmental and cultural differences which exist in Hokkaido, as compared to mainland Japan, there has been a desperate demand for 'Japanese textbooks which address the Hokkaido situation.'(2) The CircumstanceIn the late 1940's, Hokkaido's request came true when the textbook system was changed from the compilation of national textbooks, to the authorization by the Ministry of Education, so that varying textbooks could be published for a single subject. From 1953 to 1956, 33 so called 'Authorized Japanese textbooks for Hokkaido ('Shougaku Kokugo' 1953, 1954 (revised edition), 1956 (new edition), edited by Tsukuru, Fujimura and Hokkaido Association of Japanese Education, published by Kyoikushuppan) were released. During this period, these textbooks were adopted and used throughout Hokkaido. Although this innovative trial brought upon the discussions about the textbook system of junior high school, no further action was taken in this direction due to the governmental decision which did not acknowledge the textbooks for districts.(3) Characteristics and Significance of the TextbooksThe textbooks were aimed at fostering general Japanese competence as well as at informing current events and situations in Hokkaido. The contents of these textbooks, written in the form of narratives, fairy tales, poetry, biography, , and travel sketches, dealt mainly with Hokkaido's nature, everyday life and industry. Because of these characteristics, one could say that these were nationally remarkable Japanese textbooks.