Personal exposures to volatile organic compounds and the influence of indoor air.

采用被动采样法监测筑波和东京居民个人接触和室内空气中18种挥发性有机化合物的浓度。根据暴露趋势和室内空气浓度将18种挥发性化合物分为3类。第一组的特征化合物是四氯化碳和苯，表明个人接触与室内空气浓度相同。第二类化合物的来源是室内，其在室内空气中的浓度高于个人暴露，如对二氯苯。第三类化合物是自来水中的溶剂或氯仿，我们在日常生活中经常接触到这些化合物。第二组和第三组的化合物占18种挥发性化合物的70%至80%，这些化合物的暴露水平受室内空气的影响很大。致癌性和全身毒性的定量风险估计是根据所得的个人暴露水平计算的。氯仿、苯和四氯乙烯的致癌性风险较高。监测了吸烟对个人暴露的影响，并估计了吸烟者每天对苯的暴露量。

Personal exposures and indoor air concentrations of 18 volatile Organic compounds were monitored for residents of Tsukuba and Tokyo, using a passive sampling method. 18 Volatile compounds were divided into 3 groups from the trends of exposure and indoor air concentrations. Characteristic compounds of the first group were carbon tetrachloride and benzene, showing personal exposures were the same with indoor air concentrations. Source of the compounds in second group is indoors showing higher concentration in indoor air than personal exposure such as p-dichlorobenzene. Third group compounds are solvents or chloroform in tap water, from which we are frequently exposed ourselves in daily life. Compounds in second and third groups were 70 to 80% of 18 volatile compounds, and the exposure levels of these compounds were highly affected by indoor air. Quantitative risk estimates for carcinogenicity and for systemic toxicity were calculated using the personal exposure levels obtained. The carcinogenicity risks were found to be relatively high for chloroform, benzene and tetrachloroethylene. The effect of smoking for personal exposure was monitored and the daily exposure of smokers to benzene were estimated.