Molecular phylogeny of Rosaceae based on S-allele genotype and organelle DNA polymorphism

(1)利用细胞器DNA的matK序列数据对32种蔷薇属植物进行了系统发育分析，分子分类与传统分类基本一致，但也存在一些异常，如胡椒属组的多系。由于对现代月季有贡献的6个原始物种仅属于一个支系，现代月季的遗传背景似乎较窄。(2)利用核DNA的ITS序列数据对23种月季进行了系统发育分析，分子分类结果与matK序列分析结果一致。利用S等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应技术对46份苹果品种和苹果种的S等位基因进行了分析。(4)‘铁木’、‘赤木’和‘油口’似乎分别是由含有S_7、S_7和S_9等位基因的花粉亲本产生的。推测至少存在3个未克隆的S等位基因。‘Kinsei’和‘Kizashi’的S等位基因与其亲本预期的S等位基因不一致，表明它们是具有S_9或S_3等位基因的花粉亲本的衍生品。一个新的S等位基因S_g被认为存在于‘美国夏皮尔曼’、‘印度’、‘北国’、‘静香’、‘母鹿’和‘meku 10’中。(5)一个新的S-核糖核酸酶S_g在氨基酸水平上与SS_f有很高的相似性(94%)。HV区之间仅有两个氨基酸差异，这是SS_g和SS_f具有S等位基因特异性的原因。

(1) Phylogenetic analysis among 32 Rosa species was carried out using the matK sequence data of organelle DNA.The molecular classification conformed closely to the traditional classification with some anomalies such as polyphyly of section Pimpinellifoliae. As six original species that contributed to modern roses were found to belong to only one clade, the genetic background of modem roses seems to be a narrow one.(2) Phylogenetic analysis among 23 Rosa species was carried out using the ITS sequence data of nuclear DNA.The molecular classification was well in agreement with that of matK sequence analysis. Subgenus Platyrhodon and Hulthemia formed a clade within four subgenera.(3) S-allele genotypes of 46 Malus x domestica cultivars and Malus species were identified by S-allele specific PCR analysis. This analysis was useful in determining the genetic relationship within the genus Malus.(4) 'Tsugaru', 'Akagi', and 'Youkou' seem to have been produced by using pollen parents possessing the S_7-, S_7- or S_9-allele, respectively. It was suggested that there were at least three uncloned S-alleles. The S-genotypes of 'Kinsei' and 'Kizashi' were inconsistent with expected S-genotypes of their parents, indicating that they are derivatives from pollen parents having the S_9- or S_3-allele. A new S-allele, S_g, was proposed to be present in 'American Summer Pearmain', 'Indo', 'Kitanosachi', 'Shizuka', Mutsu' and 'Meku 10'.(5) A new S-RNase, S_g, shows a high similarity to SS_f (94%) at the deduced amino acid level. There are only two amino-acid differences between HV regions, which are responsible for the S-allele specificity of SS_g and SS_f.