Analytical studies on the function of centrosomes of the female and male gametes with the different patterns of fertilization.

通过本研究，我们观察了在褐藻：Scytosiphon lomentaria（等配），Cut leria cylindrica（异配）和Fucus distichus（卵配）受精过程中合子中心粒的行为。在所有的情况下，来自雌配子的中心粒消失在受精卵后，胞浆融合，我们的结论是，父系遗传的中心粒是一个共同的特点，在褐藻，虽然存在各种模式的有性生殖。其次，研究了来源于精子鞭毛基体的中心粒和中心体物质（MTOC）对棕色双列墨角藻（Fucus distichus）（卵母细胞）纺锤体形成的影响。多精受精卵形成多极纺锤体。多精受精卵的有丝分裂极数是受精时精子数的2倍。一对中心粒可被抗中心蛋白抗体检测到。无核卵受精时，在精核附近可检测到两个抗centrin染色斑点。微管从它们附近辐射，但从未产生有丝分裂纺锤体。当单个精子与多核卵子受精时，也观察到异常纺锤体。除了含有抗中心蛋白染色斑点的两个有丝分裂极之外，还形成了没有抗中心蛋白染色斑点的额外有丝分裂极，结果形成了多极纺锤体。当用秋水仙素阻断核配时，通常可以观察到单星纺锤体，在极少数情况下，在卵核中形成没有中心粒的桶形纺锤体。从这些结果中，很明显，来自精子的父本中心粒在褐藻的纺锤体形成中起着至关重要的作用，就像它们在动物受精过程中一样。但在纺锤体形成过程中，父本中心粒不足以提供功能中心体。

Through this study, we observed the behavior of centrioles in zygotes in the fertilization of the brown algae ; Scytosiphon lomentaria (isogamy), Cut leria cylindrica (anisogamy) and Fucus distichus (oogamy). In all cases, centrioles derived from female gametes had disappeared in zygotes after plasmogamy, and we concluded that the paternal inheritance of centrioles is a common feature in the brown algae, although various patterns of sexual reproduction exists. could be universal in the brown algae.Next, the influence of the centrioles, derived from the sperm flagellar basal bodies, and the centrosomal material (MTOCs) on spindle formation in the brown alga Fucus distichus (oogamous) was studied. A multipolar spindle was formed in polyspermic zygote. The number of mitotic poles in polyspermic zygotes was double the number of sperminvolved in the fertilization. A pair of centrioles which can be detected by anti-centrin antibody was located at these poles. When anucleate egg fragments were fertilized, two anti-centrin staining spots could be detected near the sperm nucleus. Microtubules radiated from nearby them, but the mitotic spindle was never produced. When a single sperm fertilized multinucleate eggs, abnormal spindles were also observed. in addition to two mitotic poles containing anti-centrin staining spots, extra mitotic poles without anti-centrin staining spots were also formed, and as a result, multipolar spindles were formed. When karyogamy was blocked with colchicine, a monoastral spindle could be frequently observed, and in rare cases, a barrel-shaped spindle without centrioles was formed in the egg nucleus. From these results, it became clear that paternal centrioles derived from the sperm have a crucial role in spindle formation in the brown algae, like they do during animal fertilization. But paternal centrioles were not enough for the functional centrosome during spindle formation.