Analytical studies on the function of centrosomes of the female and male gametes with the different patterns of fertilization.

通过本研究，我们观察了褐藻受精卵中中心粒的行为；龙舌兰（同种异体）、龙舌兰（同种异体）和龙舌兰（同种异体）。在所有情况下，来自雌性配子的中心粒在浆配后在合子中消失，我们得出结论，尽管存在各种有性生殖模式，但中心粒的父系遗传是褐藻的共同特征。可能在褐藻中是普遍存在的。其次，研究了源自精子鞭毛基体的中心粒和中心体物质（MTOCs）对褐藻黑角藻纺锤体形成的影响。在多精子合子中形成多极纺锤体。多精受精卵的有丝分裂极数是参与受精的精子数的两倍。在这些极点上有一对可以被抗中心蛋白抗体检测到的中心粒。无核卵块受精卵后，在精核附近可见两个抗中心蛋白染色点。微管从它们附近放射出来，但没有产生有丝分裂纺锤体。当单精子与多核卵子受精时，也观察到异常纺锤体。除含有抗着丝蛋白染色点的两个有丝分裂极外，还形成不含抗着丝蛋白染色点的额外有丝分裂极，形成多极纺锤体。当用秋水仙碱阻断核缩时，可以经常观察到单星纺锤体，在极少数情况下，在细胞核中形成没有中心粒的桶形纺锤体。从这些结果来看，很明显，来自精子的父系中心粒在褐藻的纺锤体形成中起着至关重要的作用，就像它们在动物受精过程中所做的那样。但在纺锤体形成过程中，父本中心粒数量不足以满足功能中心体的需要。

Through this study, we observed the behavior of centrioles in zygotes in the fertilization of the brown algae ; Scytosiphon lomentaria (isogamy), Cut leria cylindrica (anisogamy) and Fucus distichus (oogamy). In all cases, centrioles derived from female gametes had disappeared in zygotes after plasmogamy, and we concluded that the paternal inheritance of centrioles is a common feature in the brown algae, although various patterns of sexual reproduction exists. could be universal in the brown algae.Next, the influence of the centrioles, derived from the sperm flagellar basal bodies, and the centrosomal material (MTOCs) on spindle formation in the brown alga Fucus distichus (oogamous) was studied. A multipolar spindle was formed in polyspermic zygote. The number of mitotic poles in polyspermic zygotes was double the number of sperminvolved in the fertilization. A pair of centrioles which can be detected by anti-centrin antibody was located at these poles. When anucleate egg fragments were fertilized, two anti-centrin staining spots could be detected near the sperm nucleus. Microtubules radiated from nearby them, but the mitotic spindle was never produced. When a single sperm fertilized multinucleate eggs, abnormal spindles were also observed. in addition to two mitotic poles containing anti-centrin staining spots, extra mitotic poles without anti-centrin staining spots were also formed, and as a result, multipolar spindles were formed. When karyogamy was blocked with colchicine, a monoastral spindle could be frequently observed, and in rare cases, a barrel-shaped spindle without centrioles was formed in the egg nucleus. From these results, it became clear that paternal centrioles derived from the sperm have a crucial role in spindle formation in the brown algae, like they do during animal fertilization. But paternal centrioles were not enough for the functional centrosome during spindle formation.