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Effects of Soil Degradation on the migration of Environmental Materials in an Agricultural Field.

土壤退化对农田环境物质迁移的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
09460106
负责人：
MIYAZAKI Tsuyoshi
金额：
$ 8.9万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study were to (1) find the causes why soils are undergoing serious degradation recently in the 380 ha upland fields in Fukaya, Saitama Prefecture, (2) classify the effects of soil degradation on the migration of such environmental materials as water, solutes (including salts, nitrogen, phosphorous, etc.), and gasses (including OィイD22ィエD2,COィイD22ィエD2, NィイD22ィエD2O etc.), and (3) propose the ways of soil restoration by which physical properties and drainage efficiency of the soils are recovered.The main results are as follows.1. The suffering from deterioration of drainage efficiency and excess water in upland fields were due to not only by soil degradation but also configurations of structures such as roads, drainage canals, green houses etc.2. The saturated hydraulic conductivities of soil samples from well drained fields were not necessary higher than those from poorly drained fields. This contradiction was explained by other physical properties of soils.3. The poor efficiency of drainage from upland fields were attributed to the low stability of aggregation, high sensitivity to the application of salts, the tendency of easy-to-form surface crusts, and high consistencies.4. The soil degradation was classified into two types : one is the surface soil degradation where the soils are mechanically disturbed, directly compacted and periodically fertilized, and other is the subsurface soils degradation where the soils are indirectly compacted resulting in the increase of bulk density.5. The deep plowing was effective for the restoration of subsurface soils but plowing with organic matter did not show any advantage for the physical properties of soils.6. Application of polyacrylamid (PAM) may be effective for the soil restoration especially in its permeability. Further investigation of the PAM efficiency is needed.

本研究的目的是：（1）找出埼玉县深谷市 380 公顷旱地近期土壤严重退化的原因，（2）对土壤退化对水、溶质（包括盐、氮、磷等）和气体（包括 (OィイD22ィエD2、COィイD22ィD2、NィイD22ィエD2O等)，(3)提出了恢复土壤物理性质和排水效率的土壤修复方法。主要结果如下： 1．旱地排水效率下降和积水过多不仅是由于土壤退化造成的，还与道路、排水渠、温室等结构的配置有关2。排水良好田地的土壤样品的饱和导水率不一定高于排水不良田地的土壤样品。这一矛盾可以用土壤的其他物理性质来解释。3．旱地排水效率差的原因是团聚体稳定性差、对盐的施用敏感性高、易结皮、稠度高。4．土壤退化分为两种类型：一是表层土壤退化，即土壤受到机械扰动、直接压实并定期施肥；二是地下土壤退化，即土壤受到间接压实，导致容重增加。5．深翻对于地下土壤的恢复是有效的，但有机质翻耕对土壤物理性质没有表现出任何优势。6．聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的应用可能对土壤恢复有效，尤其是其渗透性。需要进一步研究 PAM 效率。