RESEARCH ON MONITORING OF THE CHANGE OF URBAN MICROBIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND EPIDEMIC RISKS OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

对大东京地区部分公共水域和公共空间的城市微生物环境进行了研究。城市河流中的总大肠菌群和肠杆菌科细菌数量在河流中段处于较高水平。对河水中的细菌区系进行了检测。流经不同城市化地区的河流中的细菌数量和细菌区系被认为受到城市发展的影响。泳池水中的总大肠菌群和需氧细菌水平均在标准范围内。城市公园游憩水中需氧细菌、总大肠菌群和大肠菌群的数量与公园有较大差异。对地下街道和地铁空气中的细菌和真菌进行了检测。地铁空气中细菌数量与行人数量呈正相关，且高于地铁空气中的细菌数量。并对细菌区系进行了调查。除了这些微生物测量外，还对城市地区的河流水质进行了评估，重点是烷基酚。分析了居民健康状况与二恶英排放等焚烧炉存在的关系。从这些结果可以看出，城市微生物环境和化学环境都受到与城市化相关的各种因素的影响。为了降低新发和再发传染病的流行风险，我们建议在现有监测体系的基础上，对微生物环境指标进行监测，包括一些病原菌和细菌菌群的数量，并从监测结果中为公民提供准确、及时和简单的信息。

Urban microbiological environment was studied in some public water area and public space among greater Tokyo. The number of total coliforms and presumptive enterobacteriaceae in a urban river showed high level in a middle part of the river. Bacterial flora in the river was examined. The number of bacteria and bacterial flora in the river flowing through variously urbanized areas were considered to be influenced by urban development. Levels of total coliforms and aerobic bacteria in swimming pool water were within the standard. The number of aerobic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli in recreational water in urban public parks considerably differed with parks. Levels of bacteria and fungi in the air of underground street and subway were demonstrated. The number of bacteria in the air of underground was associated with the number of pedestrian, and was higher than that in the air of subway. Bacterial flora was also investigated. In addition to these microbiological measurement, evaluation of river water quality in urban area, focusing on alkylphenols, was done. The relationship between inhabitants' health status and existence of incinerator including dioxin discharge was also analyzed. From these results, urban microbiological environment as well as chemical environment is considered to be influenced by the various factors in relation to urbanization. To reduce the epidemic risk of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, we suggest that monitoring of microbiological environmental indicators including the number of some pathogenic bacteria and bacterial flora are necessary besides present monitoring system, and that provision of precise, timely and simple information from those monitoring results for citizen are needed to be substantial.