RESEARCH ON MONITORING OF THE CHANGE OF URBAN MICROBIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND EPIDEMIC RISKS OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

对大东京地区一些公共水域和公共空间的城市微生物环境进行了研究。某城市河流中大肠菌群总数和推定肠杆菌科数量在河流中部呈高水平。对河中的细菌群进行了检查。在流经不同城市化地区的河流中，细菌和细菌菌群的数量被认为受到城市发展的影响。游泳池水中总大肠菌群和需氧细菌含量均在标准范围内。城市公园游憩水体中需氧细菌、总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌数量与公园有较大差异。研究了地下街道和地铁空气中细菌和真菌的含量。地铁空气中细菌数量与行人数量相关，且高于地铁空气中细菌数量。细菌菌群也进行了调查。除了这些微生物测量外，还对城市河流水质进行了评价，重点对烷基酚类进行了评价。分析了居民健康状况与焚烧炉存在及二恶英排放的关系。从这些结果来看，城市微生物环境和化学环境都受到与城市化有关的各种因素的影响。为了降低新发和再发传染病的流行风险，我们建议在现有监测系统的基础上，有必要对微生物环境指标进行监测，包括一些致病菌和菌群的数量，并从这些监测结果中为市民提供准确、及时和简单的信息。

Urban microbiological environment was studied in some public water area and public space among greater Tokyo. The number of total coliforms and presumptive enterobacteriaceae in a urban river showed high level in a middle part of the river. Bacterial flora in the river was examined. The number of bacteria and bacterial flora in the river flowing through variously urbanized areas were considered to be influenced by urban development. Levels of total coliforms and aerobic bacteria in swimming pool water were within the standard. The number of aerobic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli in recreational water in urban public parks considerably differed with parks. Levels of bacteria and fungi in the air of underground street and subway were demonstrated. The number of bacteria in the air of underground was associated with the number of pedestrian, and was higher than that in the air of subway. Bacterial flora was also investigated. In addition to these microbiological measurement, evaluation of river water quality in urban area, focusing on alkylphenols, was done. The relationship between inhabitants' health status and existence of incinerator including dioxin discharge was also analyzed. From these results, urban microbiological environment as well as chemical environment is considered to be influenced by the various factors in relation to urbanization. To reduce the epidemic risk of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, we suggest that monitoring of microbiological environmental indicators including the number of some pathogenic bacteria and bacterial flora are necessary besides present monitoring system, and that provision of precise, timely and simple information from those monitoring results for citizen are needed to be substantial.