Effects of change in natural environments in accordance with urbanization on population health

人为设计成分的扩大和自然环境成分的减少以各种形式影响着城市人口的健康。本研究旨在通过分析城市自然环境因素对身心健康的影响，以及健康状况的变化与城市自然环境容量变化的关系，来评价城市自然环境与人的健康之间的相互关系。自然环境因素对城市居民身心健康的影响。开发了一个利用地理信息系统（GIS）评估社区卫生需求的系统。它适用于东京东北部地区和中国上海。在越南顺化进行的一项大规模家庭调查表明，生活在船上的人的疾病和伤害类型、疾病预防熟练程度和城市卫生环境之间存在关系。利用地理信息系统/全球定位系统和遥感开发了一个监测系统，以监测随着首都帕劳的迁址而发生的城市生态系统变化。根据环境容量的变化而改变健康状况。一项针对东京3144名城市老年人的5年队列研究证实了住宅周围绿地减少与死亡率之间的独立关联。对712名3至5岁的城市儿童的调查显示，户外活动的减少与健康和幸福感的下降有关。对东京地区334名中年男性进行的一项为期3年的队列研究表明，健康信息寻求行为与采取积极行动改善健康呈正相关。这一系列的城市环境与健康分析揭示了城市自然环境退化对健康的影响。我们提出了一个评估城市自然环境与人口健康关系的框架。

Expansion of artificially designed components and decrease of natural environmental components have impact on health of the urban population in various forms. The aim of this study was to evaluate interrelationship between natural environment and health of the people in urban area by analyzing influence of natural environmental factors on physical and mental health, and changes in health status in association with the alteration of the capacity of natural environment in urban area.1.Influence of natural environmental factors on physical and mental health or urban residents.A system to assess community health needs by geographic information system (GIS) was developed. It was applied to the north-east Tokyo area and Shanghai, China. A large-scale household survey, in Hue, Vietnam, demonstrated the relationship between disease and injury patters of the people living on boats, disease prevention proficiency and urban sanitary environments. A surveillance system using GIS/GPS and remote sensing was developed to monitor alteration of urban ecosystem in accordance with the relocation of the capital city of Palau.2.Changes of health status in accordance with the alteration of the environmental capacity.A 5-year cohort study of 3144 urban senior citizens in Tokyo confirmed independent association of decrease of green space around one's residence and mortality. Examination of 712 urban children aged 3 to 5 showed reduction of outside-play was correlated with decline of health and well-being. A 3-year cohort study of 334 middle-aged men in Tokyo demonstrated health information seeking behavior was positively related to take positive action to improve health.The series of these analyses of urban environment and health shed light on health influences of decrease of natural environment in urban area. We proposed a framework to evaluate the relationship between natural environments and population health in the urban area.