Comparative analysis of behaviora thrmoregulation

恒温动物的体温是由多种自主神经和行为反应控制的，热感受器分布于全身。这种多输入输出系统由中枢神经系统调节，下丘脑包括视前区位于中枢神经系统的顶部。尽管自主神经调节的神经机制已经很清楚，但行为调节的神经机制仍然是未知的。本课题从比较生理学的角度对这一问题进行了分析。在第一年，我们开发了一个用于行为体温调节研究的操作系统，当动物进入一个特定的区域时，被置于冷或热环境中的动物会得到温暖或凉爽的强化。大鼠在盒子中自由移动，其位置由光电监测，而其深部体温由遥测系统监测。在热逃逸实验中，热风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖赏区时， 关于我们 在给定的时间段（通常为30秒）内，将风切换到冷却风。相反，在冷逃避实验中，冷风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖励区时，风被切换到温暖的。实验表明，老鼠很快就学会了呆在奖励区附近，并周期性地进出。该系统基于比按压更自然的行为，适合用于行为温度调节的神经生理学研究。在第二年，我们使用前一年开发的系统分析了禁食对行为体温调节的影响。禁食导致昼夜节律非活动期体温下降，在此期间冷逃逸行为增强，而热逃逸行为不变。在鱼和鸟类身上也做了类似的实验。禁食对鸟类有类似的影响，但对鱼类没有影响。禁食会调节体温调节行为，从而降低恒温动物的能量消耗，但变温动物则不然。少

The body temperature of homeothermic animal is controlled by multiple autonomic and behavioral responses and thermoreceplors are distributed throghout the body. This multiple input-output system is regulated by the central nervous system, on the top of which the hypothalamus including the preoptic area is located. Even though neural mechanism of autonomic regulation is well understand, that of behavioral regulation is still unknown. In the present project, this question is analysed from the viewpoint of comparative physiology, In the first year, we developped an operant system used for the study for behavioral thermoregulation, an animal that is put into a cold or hot environment gets warm or cool reinforcements when it enters a specific area. A rat moves freely in the box and its location is monitored photoelectrically while its deep body temperature is monitored by a telemetry system. In heat-escape experiments a hot wind blows through the box and when the rat enters a reward zone th … More e wind is switched to cool one for a given period (typically 30 sec). Conversely, in cold-escape experiments a cold wind blows through the box and when the rat enters the reward zone the wind is switched to warm one. Experiments show that rats quickly learn to stay near the reward zone and move in and out of it periodically. This system is based on behavior more natural than lever-pressing and is suitable for use in neurophysiological studies of behavioral thermoregulation. In the second year, we analysed the effect of fastingn on behavioral body temperature regulation using the system developped in the previous-year. Fasting induced decrease in body temperature in the inactive phase in circadian Cycle, and cold escape behavior was enhanced during that period, while heat escape behavior was unchanged. Similar experiment was done in fish and birds. Fasting showed similar effect in birds but had no effect in fish. Fasting would modulate thermoregulalory behavior so that energy expenditure is reduced in homeothermic animals but not in poikilothermic animals. Less