Comparative analysis of behaviora thrmoregulation

恒温动物的体温受多种自主神经和行为反应的控制，热回收物质散布在体内。这种多输入输出系统受中枢神经系统的调节，包括视前区在内的下丘脑位于中枢神经系统的顶端。尽管自主神经调节的神经机制已经很清楚，但行为调节的神经机制仍不清楚。本课题从比较生理学的角度对这一问题进行了分析，在第一年，我们开发了一个用于行为体温调节研究的操作系统，将动物放入冷或热环境中，当它进入特定的区域时，会得到温暖或凉爽的加强。一只老鼠在盒子里自由移动，它的位置受到光电监测，而它的深层体温则由遥测系统监测。在热逃逸实验中，热风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖励区时，…在给定的时间段(通常为30秒)，更多的e风被转换为凉风。相反，在冷逃避实验中，冷风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖励区时，风就会切换到暖风。实验表明，老鼠很快就会学会呆在奖励区附近，并定期进进出出。该系统基于比杠杆按压更自然的行为，适用于行为体温调节的神经生理学研究。第二年，我们利用前一年开发的系统分析了禁食对行为体温调节的影响。在昼夜节律中，禁食导致非活动期体温下降，在此期间冷逃逸行为增强，而热逃逸行为不变。在鱼和鸟身上也做了类似的实验。禁食对鸟类有类似的影响，但对鱼类没有影响。禁食会调节体温调节行为，从而减少恒温动物的能量消耗，但不会减少变温动物的能量消耗。较少

The body temperature of homeothermic animal is controlled by multiple autonomic and behavioral responses and thermoreceplors are distributed throghout the body. This multiple input-output system is regulated by the central nervous system, on the top of which the hypothalamus including the preoptic area is located. Even though neural mechanism of autonomic regulation is well understand, that of behavioral regulation is still unknown. In the present project, this question is analysed from the viewpoint of comparative physiology, In the first year, we developped an operant system used for the study for behavioral thermoregulation, an animal that is put into a cold or hot environment gets warm or cool reinforcements when it enters a specific area. A rat moves freely in the box and its location is monitored photoelectrically while its deep body temperature is monitored by a telemetry system. In heat-escape experiments a hot wind blows through the box and when the rat enters a reward zone th … More e wind is switched to cool one for a given period (typically 30 sec). Conversely, in cold-escape experiments a cold wind blows through the box and when the rat enters the reward zone the wind is switched to warm one. Experiments show that rats quickly learn to stay near the reward zone and move in and out of it periodically. This system is based on behavior more natural than lever-pressing and is suitable for use in neurophysiological studies of behavioral thermoregulation. In the second year, we analysed the effect of fastingn on behavioral body temperature regulation using the system developped in the previous-year. Fasting induced decrease in body temperature in the inactive phase in circadian Cycle, and cold escape behavior was enhanced during that period, while heat escape behavior was unchanged. Similar experiment was done in fish and birds. Fasting showed similar effect in birds but had no effect in fish. Fasting would modulate thermoregulalory behavior so that energy expenditure is reduced in homeothermic animals but not in poikilothermic animals. Less