Comparative analysis of behaviora thrmoregulation

恒温动物的体温是由多种自主反应和行为反应控制的，体温感受器分布在全身。这种多重输入输出系统是由中枢神经系统调节的，包括视前区在内的下丘脑位于中枢神经系统的顶端。尽管自主神经调节的神经机制已经被很好地理解，但行为调节的神经机制仍然是未知的。在本项目中，我们从比较生理学的角度来分析这个问题，在第一年，我们开发了一个用于行为体温调节研究的操作系统，动物被置于一个寒冷或炎热的环境中，当它进入一个特定的区域时，会得到温暖或凉爽的增强。老鼠在盒子里自由移动，它的位置由光电监测，而它的深层体温由遥测系统监测。在热逃逸实验中，一股热风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖励区时，更多的风会在一段时间内（通常是30秒）转换为冷风。相反，在冷逃逸实验中，冷风吹过盒子，当老鼠进入奖励区时，风就变成了暖风。实验表明，老鼠很快就学会了待在奖励区附近，并定期进出奖励区。该系统基于比杠杆按压更自然的行为，适合用于行为体温调节的神经生理学研究。第二年，我们使用前一年开发的系统分析了禁食对行为体温调节的影响。在昼夜节律不活跃期，禁食导致体温下降，冷逃逸行为增强，热逃逸行为不变。在鱼和鸟身上也做了类似的实验。禁食对鸟类也有类似的效果，但对鱼类没有影响。禁食可以调节体温调节行为，使恒温动物的能量消耗减少，而变温动物则没有。少

The body temperature of homeothermic animal is controlled by multiple autonomic and behavioral responses and thermoreceplors are distributed throghout the body. This multiple input-output system is regulated by the central nervous system, on the top of which the hypothalamus including the preoptic area is located. Even though neural mechanism of autonomic regulation is well understand, that of behavioral regulation is still unknown. In the present project, this question is analysed from the viewpoint of comparative physiology, In the first year, we developped an operant system used for the study for behavioral thermoregulation, an animal that is put into a cold or hot environment gets warm or cool reinforcements when it enters a specific area. A rat moves freely in the box and its location is monitored photoelectrically while its deep body temperature is monitored by a telemetry system. In heat-escape experiments a hot wind blows through the box and when the rat enters a reward zone th … More e wind is switched to cool one for a given period (typically 30 sec). Conversely, in cold-escape experiments a cold wind blows through the box and when the rat enters the reward zone the wind is switched to warm one. Experiments show that rats quickly learn to stay near the reward zone and move in and out of it periodically. This system is based on behavior more natural than lever-pressing and is suitable for use in neurophysiological studies of behavioral thermoregulation. In the second year, we analysed the effect of fastingn on behavioral body temperature regulation using the system developped in the previous-year. Fasting induced decrease in body temperature in the inactive phase in circadian Cycle, and cold escape behavior was enhanced during that period, while heat escape behavior was unchanged. Similar experiment was done in fish and birds. Fasting showed similar effect in birds but had no effect in fish. Fasting would modulate thermoregulalory behavior so that energy expenditure is reduced in homeothermic animals but not in poikilothermic animals. Less