Prevention Research Center: Parenting Among Women Who Are Opioid Users

摘要 预防研究中心：阿片类药物使用者妇女的育儿（PWO中心） 旨在改善受阿片类药物危机影响的个人，家庭和社区的福祉 通过对行为和神经认知系统的关注，这些系统是两者共同的潜在机制， 成瘾问题和育儿挑战。这些努力跨越了转化研究周期，从基础 科学机制，干预试验，与利益攸关方合作，了解如何最好地扩大规模 将有效干预纳入现实世界的政策和实践环境。这种多样性补充申请是 嵌入在PWO中心的研究项目1中，该项目涉及一种 以证据为基础的育儿干预，拍摄互动，以培育发展（发现），以提高 对抚养婴儿和/或幼儿的使用阿片类药物的母亲进行反应性戒毒。高风险的试点研究 照顾者建议，发现增加响应技能，减少侵入式养育。而 从历史上看，具有高逆境背景的照顾者表现出差异（并且通常 较低）的反应，初步数据表明，照顾者高 参与FIND的自我报告的逆境水平降低了照顾者的压力， 这表明，这些照顾者实际上可能受益最大。 试点数据还表明，积极的变化，父母的身份后，参与FIND。认知 回应性养育所需的努力需要使用自我调节，这一过程依赖于 动态评估可用的行为选择。新的理论强调身份在这种评价中的作用 在这一过程中，认识到与身份有关的选择具有更大的主观价值。因此， 在目标行为结果和参与者积极的自我概念之间建立联系， 成功地改善自我调节和目标导向的行为。这项多样性的研究提出， 补充有两个目的。目的一：考察父母自我概念在干预前后的变化 参与寻找。来自父母自我评估任务的神经和行为数据将用于测试 FIND在多大程度上改变了照顾者对自己的评价， 或者不支持目的二将探讨不良暴露在预测干预中的调节作用 成功除了研究不良经历类型与父母身份之间的关系外， 基线，该项目将梳理除了负面经验的维度，以预测更大的 通过改变父母自我概念和积极认同来精确干预的效果。

Abstract The Prevention Research Center: Parenting Among Women Who Are Opioid Users (PWO Center) has been instituted to improve the well-being of individuals, families, and communities affected by the opioid crisis through a focus on behavioral and neurocognitive systems that are underlying mechanisms common to both addiction issues and parenting challenges. These efforts span the translational research cycle, from basic science mechanisms to intervention trials to working with stakeholders to understand how best to scale-up effective interventions into real-world policy and practice settings. This diversity supplement application is embedded within Research Project 1 of the PWO Center, which involves the novel application of an evidenced-based parenting intervention, Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND), to enhance the responsive caregiving of opioid-using mothers raising infants and/or young children. Pilot studies with high-risk caregivers suggest that FIND increases responsiveness skills and decreases intrusive parenting. While caregivers with high-adversity backgrounds historically have been observed to show differential (and often lower) responses to these caregiver-based interventions, preliminary data suggests that caregivers with high levels of self-reported adversity who participated in FIND reported decreased caregiver stress and increased psychological involvement with their child, demonstrating that these caregivers may in fact benefit the most. Pilot data also demonstrated positive changes in parenting identity after participating in FIND. The cognitive effort necessary for responsive parenting requires the use of self-regulation, a process that relies upon the dynamic valuation of available behavioral choices. New theories emphasize the role of identity in that valuation process, recognizing that identity-relevant choices confer greater subjective value. Thus, interventions that establish a link between targeted behavioral outcomes and participants’ positive self-concept will have greater success in improving self-regulation and goal-directed behavior. The research proposed in this diversity supplement has two aims. Aim one will examine the change in parental self-concept before and after participating in FIND. Neural and behavioral data from a Parenting Self-Evaluation Task will be used to test the degree to which FIND changes the way caregivers evaluate themselves as either developmentally supportive or unsupportive. Aim two will explore the moderating roles of adverse exposures in predicting intervention success. In addition to examining the relation between types of adverse experiences and parenting identity at baseline, this project will tease apart the dimensionality of adverse experiences to predict with greater precision the effects of the intervention through change in parenting self-concept and positive identity.