Rural Southern Contexts, COVID-19, and Black Men'Âs Alcohol Misuse

项目总结/摘要 年轻的黑人男性是R 01 AA 026623拟议紧急竞争修订的焦点 来自格鲁吉亚的小城镇和农村社区，这是一个黑人居民持续贫困的地区， 与全国最严重的教育，经济和健康种族差距相吻合。黑人居民 占格鲁吉亚COVID-19死亡人数的50%以上，尽管占该州死亡人数的不到三分之一， 该州农村地区的死亡率是大城市的1.5倍。NIAAA报告称， 自从预防大流行以来使用已经增加（例如，在家里的庇护所，社会距离）一直是 切实贯彻在农村黑人男性中，我们假设饮酒可能加速SARS的传播 二型冠状病毒除了对免疫功能的影响外，酒精滥用还会破坏判断力、自我调节能力， 以及实践推荐的疾病缓解行为的动机（例如，身体上的距离，自我， 隔离、洗手）。酒精滥用还鼓励年轻人出现在环境中， 在这些相互作用中，他们可能会被感染或感染他人。我们还建议审查 酒精使用的预测因素。许多低收入的黑人男子生活在联邦贫困线以下或附近， 财政资源，包括在长期流行病期间使用的经济资产很少。经济困难是 由于种族歧视、家庭压力和冲突、担心暴露在不安全的工作条件下， 当有工作时，他们、他们的家人或他们的朋友受到影响的可能性越大， SARS Cov-2感染。预计与大流行病有关的压力因素会促使人们开始酗酒 问题和扩大现有问题。重要的是，许多男性会很好地科普，避免饮酒 滥用通过利用个人和社会应对资源来应对压力，而不使用酒精。我们 建议每隔3个月进行3次远程调查，从农村黑人男性中抽取子样本（N = 242）， 一项正在进行的研究，为母研究提供了过去一年的大流行前数据。我们将记录下男性的 面对面的社交网络联系人，COVID-19缓解行为，与流行病相关的压力源和应对 资源和酒精的使用。我们的目标是（a）模拟农村黑人男性的酒精滥用轨迹 在大流行期间，（B）调查随着时间的推移，酒精滥用对男性SARS的影响 CoV-2传播风险，以及（c）调查与酒精变化相关的风险和保护过程 在大流行期间使用。

Project Summary/Abstract The young Black men who are the focus of the proposed Urgent Competitive Revision to R01AA026623 are from small towns and rural communities in Georgia, an area of persistent poverty for Black residents that coincides with the nation’s worst educational, economic, and health disparities by race. Black residents account for more than 50% of Georgia’s COVID-19 deaths, despite comprising less than 1/3 of the state’s population; the state’s rural areas have a death rate 1.5 times that of its large cities. NIAAA reports that alcohol use has increased since pandemic precautions (e.g., shelter in home, social distancing) have been implemented. Among rural Black men, we hypothesize that alcohol use may accelerate the spread of SARS CoV-2. In addition to effects on immune function, alcohol misuse undermines the judgement, self-regulation, and motivation to practice recommended disease mitigation behaviors (e.g., physical distancing, self- quarantine, hand washing). Alcohol misuse also encourages young adults’ presence in settings and interactions in which they may be likely to become infected or to infect others. We also propose to examine the predictors of alcohol use. Many low-income Black men live below or near the federal poverty level and have few financial resources, including economic assets to use during a protracted pandemic. Economic hardship is exacerbated by racial discrimination, family stress and conflict, fears of exposure to unsafe working conditions when work is available, and the greater likelihood that they, their families, or their friends will be affected directly by SARS Cov-2 infection. Pandemic-related stressors are expected to foster the onset of alcohol use problems and the amplification of existing problems. Importantly, many men will cope well, avoiding alcohol misuse by drawing on both personal and social coping resources to deal with stress without alcohol use. We propose to conduct 3 remote surveys at 3-month intervals with a subsample (N = 242) of rural Black men from an ongoing study who provided past year, pre-pandemic data for the parent study. We will document men’s face-to-face social network contacts, COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, pandemic-related stressors and coping resources, and alcohol use. Our aims are to (a) model alcohol misuse trajectories among rural Black men during the course of the pandemic, (b) investigate the influence of alcohol misuse, over time, on men’s SARS CoV-2 transmission risk, and (c) investigate risk and protective processes associated with change in alcohol use during the pandemic.