Impact of e-cigarette prevention messages on adolescents

项目摘要/摘要 虽然在减少青少年吸烟方面取得了重大进展，但 电子烟和蒸发设备可能会毁掉这一进步。虽然电子烟具有潜在的 作为成年吸烟者的减害工具，它们已成为最常用的烟草产品 青少年。2018年，美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)宣布青少年和青少年使用电子烟 在观察到自2017年以来这一人群中的使用量急剧增加后，这是一种“流行病”。循证的 健康传播方法可以加强年轻人避免使用电子烟的承诺，因此 防止使用电子烟和尼古丁成瘾。然而，几乎没有研究提供有效的基础 为预防电子烟而进行的沟通努力。我们提出了三个目标，以显著促进科学 如何以防止使用电子烟的方式进行沟通。对于目标1，我们将确定有希望的方法来 与青少年沟通，防止电子烟的使用。我们将通过以下方式实现这一目标：1)确定有希望的 针对青少年(13岁以下)的预防信息主题(即行业目标、社会规范、成瘾) 17)；2)与研究小组、专家顾问和青少年顾问小组一起审查这些主题；以及3) 组织焦点小组，审查青少年对电子烟预防信息主题的反应。 对于目标2，我们将制定一套电子烟预防信息，以减少青少年尝试的倾向 或者使用电子烟。我们将通过：1)开发10条电子烟预防信息，基于 从目标1中选择主题(S)并进行30次认知访谈以提炼信息；2)进行 一项具有全国代表性的研究，以检验电子烟预防的感知有效性 在劝阻电子烟使用方面的信息。根据结果，我们将选择5条消息进行传递 目的3‘S随机对照试验。对于目标3，我们将评估基于证据的电子烟是否 预防信息降低高危青少年使用电子烟的意愿(主要结果)和电子烟 吸烟行为(次要结果)。我们将进行为期3周的双臂(干预、注意力控制) 对506名青少年进行随机对照试验，并进行3个月的随访。研究参与者将每天收到发送到 他们的手机通过短信(即彩信服务)持续20天。其他次要设备 结果是认知阐述、负面影响、电子烟信念和社交互动。我们还将 检查电子烟预防信息是否具有意想不到的后果(即提高意愿 抽香烟)。这项研究是对基金公告PAR-18-847的回应，该公告寻求 在弱势群体(如青年)中开展基于人群的电子烟应用预防研究。我们的 工作将通过开发有效的通信来解决烟草控制研究中的一个关键差距 这加强了青少年避免电子烟和减少电子烟使用的承诺，从而 为地方、州和国家预防青少年使用电子烟和尼古丁成瘾提供信息。

Project Summary/Abstract While significant progress has been made in reducing cigarette smoking among adolescents, the advent of electronic cigarettes and vaping devices threatens to undo this progress. While e-cigarettes have potential as harm reduction tools for adult smokers, they have become the most commonly-used tobacco product among adolescents. In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared e-cigarette use among adolescents an “epidemic” after observing dramatic increases in usage among this population since 2017. Evidence-based health communication approaches can strengthen young people’s commitment to avoid vaping, and thus prevent e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction. However, little research exists to provide a basis for effective communication efforts for e-cigarette prevention. We propose 3 Aims to significantly advance the science of how to communicate about e-cigarettes in ways that prevent use. For Aim 1, we will identify promising ways to communicate with adolescents to prevent e-cigarette use. We will achieve this by: 1) identifying promising prevention message themes (i.e., industry targeting, social norms, addiction) targeted to adolescents (ages 13- 17); 2) vetting these themes with the study team, expert consultants, and a teen advisory panel; and 3) conducting focus groups to examine adolescents’ responses to the e-cigarette prevention message themes. For Aim 2, we will develop a set of e-cigarette prevention messages that reduce adolescents’ inclination to try or use e-cigarettes. We will achieve this by: 1) developing 10 e-cigarette prevention messages based on the chosen theme(s) from Aim 1 and conducting 30 cognitive interviews to refine the messages; and 2) conducting a nationally representative study to examine the perceived effectiveness of the e-cigarette prevention messages in discouraging e-cigarette use. Based on the results, we will select 5 messages to carry forward to Aim 3’s randomized controlled trial (RCT). For Aim 3, we will evaluate whether evidence-based e-cigarette prevention messages reduce at-risk adolescents’ willingness to use e-cigarettes (primary outcome) and e- cigarette use behavior (secondary outcome). We will conduct a 2-arm (intervention, attention control), 3-week RCT with 506 adolescents, with a 3-month follow up. Study participants will receive daily messages sent to their mobile phones via text message (i.e., multimedia message service) for 20 days. Other secondary outcomes are cognitive elaboration, negative affect, e-cigarette beliefs, and social interactions. We will also examine whether e-cigarette prevention messages have unintended consequences (i.e., increasing willingness to smoke cigarettes). This research is responsive to funding announcement PAR-18-847, which seeks population-based, applied prevention research on e-cigarettes among vulnerable populations (e.g., youth). Our work will address a critical gap in tobacco control research by developing effective communications that strengthen adolescents’ commitment to avoid e-cigarettes and reduce e-cigarette use, thereby informing local, state, and national efforts to prevent e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction among adolescents.