Impact of e-cigarette prevention messages on adolescents

项目概要/摘要 虽然在减少青少年吸烟方面取得了重大进展， 电子香烟和电子烟设备有可能破坏这一进步。虽然电子烟有潜力成为 作为成年吸烟者减少危害的工具，它们已成为最常用的烟草产品， 青少年。2018年，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）宣布，青少年使用电子烟是一个严重的问题。 自2017年以来，这一人群的使用量急剧增加。循证 健康传播方法可以加强年轻人避免电子烟的承诺， 防止电子烟使用和尼古丁成瘾。然而，很少有研究提供有效的基础， 预防电子烟的宣传工作。我们提出了三个目标，以显着推进科学的 如何以防止使用的方式传播电子烟。对于目标1，我们将确定有希望的方法， 与青少年沟通，防止使用电子烟。我们将通过以下方式实现这一目标：1）确定有希望的 预防信息主题（即，行业定位、社会规范、成瘾），以青少年（13- （2）与研究小组、专家顾问和青少年咨询小组一起审查这些主题;以及（3） 举办焦点小组，研究青少年对预防电子烟信息主题的反应。 对于目标2，我们将制定一套预防电子烟的信息，以减少青少年尝试的倾向 或使用电子烟。我们将通过以下方式实现这一目标：1）根据电子烟的危害， 从目标1中选择主题，并进行30次认知访谈，以提炼信息; 2）进行 一项具有全国代表性的研究，以检查电子烟预防的感知效果 鼓励使用电子烟。根据结果，我们将选择5条消息进行结转， 目的3随机对照试验（RCT）。对于目标3，我们将评估循证电子烟是否 预防信息降低了高危青少年使用电子烟的意愿（主要结局）， 吸烟行为（次要结果）。我们将进行2组（干预，注意力控制），3周 对506名青少年进行RCT，随访3个月。研究参与者将收到每日发送至 他们的移动的电话通过文本消息（即，多媒体信息服务）20天。其他次要 结果是认知阐述，负面影响，电子烟信念和社会互动。我们还将 检查电子烟预防信息是否具有意想不到的后果（即，越来越愿意 吸烟）。这项研究是响应资金公告PAR-18-847，寻求 在弱势群体中开展基于人群的电子烟应用预防研究（例如，青年）。我们 通过发展有效的沟通，将努力解决烟草控制研究中的一个关键空白 加强青少年对避免电子烟和减少电子烟使用的承诺， 告知地方，州和国家努力防止青少年使用电子烟和尼古丁成瘾。

Project Summary/Abstract While significant progress has been made in reducing cigarette smoking among adolescents, the advent of electronic cigarettes and vaping devices threatens to undo this progress. While e-cigarettes have potential as harm reduction tools for adult smokers, they have become the most commonly-used tobacco product among adolescents. In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared e-cigarette use among adolescents an “epidemic” after observing dramatic increases in usage among this population since 2017. Evidence-based health communication approaches can strengthen young people’s commitment to avoid vaping, and thus prevent e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction. However, little research exists to provide a basis for effective communication efforts for e-cigarette prevention. We propose 3 Aims to significantly advance the science of how to communicate about e-cigarettes in ways that prevent use. For Aim 1, we will identify promising ways to communicate with adolescents to prevent e-cigarette use. We will achieve this by: 1) identifying promising prevention message themes (i.e., industry targeting, social norms, addiction) targeted to adolescents (ages 13- 17); 2) vetting these themes with the study team, expert consultants, and a teen advisory panel; and 3) conducting focus groups to examine adolescents’ responses to the e-cigarette prevention message themes. For Aim 2, we will develop a set of e-cigarette prevention messages that reduce adolescents’ inclination to try or use e-cigarettes. We will achieve this by: 1) developing 10 e-cigarette prevention messages based on the chosen theme(s) from Aim 1 and conducting 30 cognitive interviews to refine the messages; and 2) conducting a nationally representative study to examine the perceived effectiveness of the e-cigarette prevention messages in discouraging e-cigarette use. Based on the results, we will select 5 messages to carry forward to Aim 3’s randomized controlled trial (RCT). For Aim 3, we will evaluate whether evidence-based e-cigarette prevention messages reduce at-risk adolescents’ willingness to use e-cigarettes (primary outcome) and e- cigarette use behavior (secondary outcome). We will conduct a 2-arm (intervention, attention control), 3-week RCT with 506 adolescents, with a 3-month follow up. Study participants will receive daily messages sent to their mobile phones via text message (i.e., multimedia message service) for 20 days. Other secondary outcomes are cognitive elaboration, negative affect, e-cigarette beliefs, and social interactions. We will also examine whether e-cigarette prevention messages have unintended consequences (i.e., increasing willingness to smoke cigarettes). This research is responsive to funding announcement PAR-18-847, which seeks population-based, applied prevention research on e-cigarettes among vulnerable populations (e.g., youth). Our work will address a critical gap in tobacco control research by developing effective communications that strengthen adolescents’ commitment to avoid e-cigarettes and reduce e-cigarette use, thereby informing local, state, and national efforts to prevent e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction among adolescents.