Population Neuroscience of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease (PNA)

衰老和阿尔茨海默病的群体神经科学 (PNA)

• 批准号: 10176317
• 负责人: MARY GANGULI
• 金额: $ 32.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10176317
• 关键词: Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Neurosciences; Population

Training Grant in Population Neuroscience of Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease (PNA) The objective of this new pre- and post-doctoral training program is to train highly talented individuals to pursue successful independent research in the etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and other age-related dementia (ADRD). Eligible applicants are PhD graduates or candidates in Epidemiology, Neuroscience, Information Science, Biostatistics, Biomedical informatics and MD/DO graduates with training in Neurology, Psychiatry, Geriatric medicine, and related disciplines. We request support for 3 pre-doctoral and 2 post-doctoral positions annually, with a period of training of up to 3 years for post-docs and 4 years for pre-docs (up to 5 in some cases). The field of brain aging has profoundly changed because of the collision of two phenomena: worldwide increase of our aging population, and rapid technological advancements in health measurements in general and in brain science in particular. Our successes in extending lifespan, with marginal improvements in healthspan, have not only increased the number of adults reaching very old ages, but they have also increased the heterogeneity of age-related neurocognitive phenotypes. For these “new” older adults, there is a very high burden of chronic conditions affecting the central nervous system either directly (e.g. stroke) or indirectly (heart conditions, diabetes). Cumulative exposure to chronic conditions, biological ageing, chronological aging and possibly to other life-long environmental factors, interact with each other in very complex ways and are all strong drivers of increased risks of developing dementia. While it is reasonable to expect brain integrity to decline and dementia rates to increase over time, we cannot assume that chronological years and years spent with a disease would have linearly additive effects on brain integrity. Understanding these complex pathways is fundamentally important to conduct rigorous etiological research into causes and determinants of brain degeneration and dementia. Unfortunately, training and research in the field to date have focused on dementia as an individual condition, and have mostly considered “older age” as an homogenous population, while relegating multiple chronic conditions and other health issues as “collateral problems”, or as completely separate problems. However, it is clear that to understand these complex issues and improve the brain health of the growing population of elderly living with chronic diseases for a long time, it is necessary to have expertise in diseases of both the brain/central nervous system and also other organ systems. We are also living through a time of great technological advances in non-invasive and automated methods to measure brain abnormalities, the application of which is providing ever more precise phenotypes but also very large and complex datasets. Such data require careful sampling designs and analytical approaches infused with an understanding of the condition being studied to effectively produce new knowledge to move research to treatment and prevention. We propose that the successful clinical neuroepidemiological investigators of the future must be able to link comorbidities, environmental exposures, lifestyles, genomics, e.g. host susceptibility, with knowledge of modern technology of neurosciences and measurement of brain disease and data science. Our proposed T32 in Population Neuroscience of Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease (PNA) merges this gap and aims to cross-train researchers in these inter-related fields. Co-directors Drs. Rosano (Epidemiology) and Ganguli (Psychiatry) have designed a new training formula that benefits from the extensive resources and faculty affiliated with the Schools of Public Health (Biostatistics), Medicine (Neurology, Biomedical Informatics), Arts and Science (Neuroscience, Psychology), and Information Science, as well as several University Centers and Institutes: the Alzheimer Disease Research Center, the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, the Brain Institute, the Center for Aging, Population and Health, the Claude Pepper, the Aging Institute. Our curriculum responds to the changing landscape of career pathways, by including: a) foundational knowledge in data science; b) availability of multi-center and international databases; c) enhanced training in cutting-edge multimodal methodologies to measure brain changes with age, including neuroimaging and post-mortem assessments; d) hands-on experiences with internet-based designs for recruitment and data collection. Training in the responsible conduct of research and efforts to increase diversity are important objectives of the program.

老年与阿尔茨海默病(PNA)人群神经科学培训助学金 这一新的博士后和博士后培训计划的目标是培养有才华的人从事 在阿尔茨海默病和其他年龄相关性痴呆(ADRD)的病因学方面成功的独立研究。合资格 申请者为流行病学、神经科学、信息科学、生物统计学、 生物医学信息学和MD/DO毕业生，受过神经学、精神病学、老年医学和相关专业的培训 纪律。我们要求每年支持3个博士后和2个博士后职位，培训时间长达 博士后为3年，博士后为4年(某些情况下最多为5年)。 由于两个现象的碰撞，脑老化领域发生了深刻的变化：全球范围内脑老化的增加 我们老龄化的人口，以及在健康测量和脑科学方面的快速技术进步 很特别。我们在延长寿命方面取得的成功，在健康寿命方面略有改善，不仅增加了 达到高龄的成年人的数量，但他们也增加了与年龄相关的神经认知的异质性 表型。对于这些“新”的老年人来说，影响中枢神经系统的慢性疾病负担很重。 系统直接(如中风)或间接(心脏病、糖尿病)。长期暴露在慢性病中， 生物老化、时间老化以及可能与其他终生环境因素相互作用 非常复杂的方式，都是患痴呆症风险增加的强大驱动因素。虽然我们有理由期待 随着时间的推移，大脑的完整性会下降，痴呆率会上升，我们不能假设年复一年 与疾病共处会对大脑的完整性产生线性相加的影响。 了解这些复杂的途径对于进行严格的病因学研究是至关重要的 脑变性和痴呆症的原因和决定因素。不幸的是，迄今为止，该领域的培训和研究 侧重于将痴呆症作为一种个人情况，并大多将“老年”视为同质人口， 同时将多种慢性病和其他健康问题归类为“附带问题”，或完全分开 有问题。然而，很明显，要了解这些复杂的问题，并改善日益增长的大脑健康 老年人长期患有慢性病，既要有疾病方面的专业知识，又要有 大脑/中枢神经系统以及其他器官系统。我们也正在经历一个伟大的技术时代 测量脑异常的非侵入性和自动化方法的进展，其应用正在提供 更精确的表型，但也非常大和复杂的数据集。这样的数据需要仔细的抽样设计和 灌输对正在研究的条件的理解以有效地产生新知识的分析方法 将研究转向治疗和预防。我们建议，成功的临床神经流行病学研究人员 未来必须能够将共病、环境暴露、生活方式、基因组学，例如宿主易感性， 具备现代神经科学技术、脑部疾病测量和数据科学知识。 我们在老年和阿尔茨海默病(PNA)的人群神经科学(PNA)中提出的T32合并了这一差距，并旨在 对这些相互关联的领域的研究人员进行交叉培训。共同导演罗萨诺博士(流行病学)和甘古利博士(精神病学) 我设计了一种新的培训模式，受益于广泛的资源和附属于 公共卫生(生物统计学)、医学(神经学、生物医学信息学)、文理(神经科学、 心理学)和信息科学，以及几个大学中心和研究所：阿尔茨海默病 研究中心、认知神经基础中心、脑研究所、老龄化、人口和 健康，克劳德·佩珀，老龄化研究所。 我们的课程针对不断变化的职业道路格局，包括：a)基础课程 数据科学知识；b)提供多中心和国际数据库；c)加强培训 测量大脑随年龄变化的尖端多模式方法，包括神经成像和尸检 评估；d)在基于互联网的征聘和数据收集设计方面的实践经验。培训中的 负责任地进行研究和努力增加多样性是该计划的重要目标。