Population Neuroscience of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease (PNA)

衰老和阿尔茨海默病的群体神经科学 (PNA)

• 批准号: 10456276
• 负责人: MARY GANGULI
• 金额: $ 16.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10456276
• 关键词: Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Neurosciences; Population

Training Grant in Population Neuroscience of Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease (PNA) The objective of this new pre- and post-doctoral training program is to train highly talented individuals to pursue successful independent research in the etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and other age-related dementia (ADRD). Eligible applicants are PhD graduates or candidates in Epidemiology, Neuroscience, Information Science, Biostatistics, Biomedical informatics and MD/DO graduates with training in Neurology, Psychiatry, Geriatric medicine, and related disciplines. We request support for 3 pre-doctoral and 2 post-doctoral positions annually, with a period of training of up to 3 years for post-docs and 4 years for pre-docs (up to 5 in some cases). The field of brain aging has profoundly changed because of the collision of two phenomena: worldwide increase of our aging population, and rapid technological advancements in health measurements in general and in brain science in particular. Our successes in extending lifespan, with marginal improvements in healthspan, have not only increased the number of adults reaching very old ages, but they have also increased the heterogeneity of age-related neurocognitive phenotypes. For these “new” older adults, there is a very high burden of chronic conditions affecting the central nervous system either directly (e.g. stroke) or indirectly (heart conditions, diabetes). Cumulative exposure to chronic conditions, biological ageing, chronological aging and possibly to other life-long environmental factors, interact with each other in very complex ways and are all strong drivers of increased risks of developing dementia. While it is reasonable to expect brain integrity to decline and dementia rates to increase over time, we cannot assume that chronological years and years spent with a disease would have linearly additive effects on brain integrity. Understanding these complex pathways is fundamentally important to conduct rigorous etiological research into causes and determinants of brain degeneration and dementia. Unfortunately, training and research in the field to date have focused on dementia as an individual condition, and have mostly considered “older age” as an homogenous population, while relegating multiple chronic conditions and other health issues as “collateral problems”, or as completely separate problems. However, it is clear that to understand these complex issues and improve the brain health of the growing population of elderly living with chronic diseases for a long time, it is necessary to have expertise in diseases of both the brain/central nervous system and also other organ systems. We are also living through a time of great technological advances in non-invasive and automated methods to measure brain abnormalities, the application of which is providing ever more precise phenotypes but also very large and complex datasets. Such data require careful sampling designs and analytical approaches infused with an understanding of the condition being studied to effectively produce new knowledge to move research to treatment and prevention. We propose that the successful clinical neuroepidemiological investigators of the future must be able to link comorbidities, environmental exposures, lifestyles, genomics, e.g. host susceptibility, with knowledge of modern technology of neurosciences and measurement of brain disease and data science. Our proposed T32 in Population Neuroscience of Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease (PNA) merges this gap and aims to cross-train researchers in these inter-related fields. Co-directors Drs. Rosano (Epidemiology) and Ganguli (Psychiatry) have designed a new training formula that benefits from the extensive resources and faculty affiliated with the Schools of Public Health (Biostatistics), Medicine (Neurology, Biomedical Informatics), Arts and Science (Neuroscience, Psychology), and Information Science, as well as several University Centers and Institutes: the Alzheimer Disease Research Center, the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, the Brain Institute, the Center for Aging, Population and Health, the Claude Pepper, the Aging Institute. Our curriculum responds to the changing landscape of career pathways, by including: a) foundational knowledge in data science; b) availability of multi-center and international databases; c) enhanced training in cutting-edge multimodal methodologies to measure brain changes with age, including neuroimaging and post-mortem assessments; d) hands-on experiences with internet-based designs for recruitment and data collection. Training in the responsible conduct of research and efforts to increase diversity are important objectives of the program.

老年人和阿尔茨海默病的人口神经科学培训补助金（PNA） 这个新的前和博士后培训计划的目标是培养高素质的个人追求 在阿尔茨海默病和其他与年龄有关的痴呆症（ADRD）的病因学方面成功的独立研究。资格 申请人是流行病学，神经科学，信息科学，生物统计学， 生物医学信息学和MD/DO毕业生，接受神经病学，精神病学，老年医学及相关培训 学科我们要求每年支持3个博士前和2个博士后职位，培训期长达 博士后3年，博士预科4年（某些情况下最多5年）。 大脑老化的领域已经发生了深刻的变化，因为两个现象的碰撞：世界范围内的增加， 我们的人口老龄化，以及一般健康测量和脑科学的快速技术进步， 特别的。我们在延长寿命方面的成功，以及健康寿命的微小改善，不仅增加了人类的寿命， 许多成年人达到很老的年龄，但他们也增加了与年龄相关的神经认知的异质性， 表型对于这些“新”老年人来说，慢性疾病的负担非常高，影响中枢神经系统。 直接（例如中风）或间接（心脏病、糖尿病）影响系统。慢性疾病的累积暴露， 生物老化、时序老化和可能的其他终身环境因素，相互作用， 非常复杂的方式，并且都是痴呆症风险增加的强大驱动因素。虽然有理由期待 随着时间的推移，大脑的完整性下降，痴呆症的发病率增加，我们不能假设按时间顺序排列的年份和年份 在疾病中度过会对大脑的完整性产生线性叠加效应。 了解这些复杂的途径对于进行严格的病因学研究至关重要， 大脑退化和痴呆的原因和决定因素。不幸的是，迄今为止，该领域的培训和研究 专注于痴呆症作为一种个体疾病，并大多认为"老年"是一个同质的人群， 同时将多种慢性病和其他健康问题归类为"附带问题"，或完全独立 问题然而，很明显，要了解这些复杂的问题，并改善大脑健康的增长， 长期患有慢性病的老年人群体，有必要在疾病的专业知识， 大脑/中枢神经系统以及其他器官系统。我们也生活在一个伟大的技术时代， 在非侵入性和自动化方法来测量大脑异常的进展，其应用提供了 更精确的表型，以及非常大和复杂的数据集。这些数据需要仔细的抽样设计， 分析方法注入了对所研究条件的理解，以有效地产生新知识 将研究转向治疗和预防。我们建议成功的临床神经流行病学研究者 必须能够将合并症、环境暴露、生活方式、基因组学（如宿主易感性） 具有现代神经科学技术和脑部疾病测量以及数据科学的知识。 我们在人口老龄化和阿尔茨海默病神经科学（PNA）中提出的T32融合了这一差距，旨在 交叉培训这些相互关联领域的研究人员。Rosano博士（流行病学）和Ganguli博士（精神病学） 设计了一个新的培训公式，受益于广泛的资源和教师附属于学校的 公共卫生（生物统计学），医学（神经病学，生物医学信息学），艺术和科学（神经科学， 心理学）和信息科学，以及几个大学中心和研究所：阿尔茨海默病 研究中心，认知神经基础中心，大脑研究所，老龄化中心，人口和 健康，克劳德佩珀，老化研究所。 我们的课程响应不断变化的职业道路景观，包括：a）基础 数据科学知识; B）多中心和国际数据库的可用性; c）加强培训， 尖端的多模式方法来测量大脑随年龄的变化，包括神经成像和死后检查。 （d）在基于互联网的征聘和数据收集设计方面的实践经验。培训 负责任地进行研究和努力增加多样性是该方案的重要目标。