Uncovering the Functional Organization and Cell Type Composition of Cortical Face Areas

项目总结 在我们对皮层环路操作如何帮助高水平视觉的理解上有一个根本的差距 像人脸识别这样的信息处理。这一概念差距的存在构成了一个重要的 问题是，在它被填满之前，它既不可能解释人脸识别和计算，也不可能- 选择性网络实施，也不理解面部识别障碍的原因，如 发育性面孔失认症(面部失明)。我们的长期目标是理解神经机制。 人脸识别，并建立一个人工人脸识别系统，实现神经计算，从而 从机械上解释人脸识别。这项提案的总目标是朝着以下目标迈出的重要一步 这一目标：建立一种新的方法和新的模型系统，允许对大神经进行成像 面部选择区域及其周围具有单细胞分辨率和细胞类型分化的种群 地区。预计这些技术进步将导致对职能组织的理解 以及它如何影响人脸的人口代码。将被检验的中心假设是 人脸区域由多个具有不同功能专门化列组成，人脸编码为 高度特异的细胞类型。这项建议的理据是，在完成拟议的研究后， 在理解皮层环路操作如何实现高水平视觉方面的中心差距将是 通过建立新的模式系统缩小范围，具有前所未有的揭示功能的能力 物体识别群体编码的组织和回路机制。这一假设将通过以下方式进行检验 追求两个具体目标：1)揭示Marmoset大脑面孔专业化的空间组织； 2)确定面孔选择区域中面孔表征的细胞类型特异性。双光子 视觉刺激期间的钙成像，结合组织清除和细胞类型识别 免疫组织化学将识别面部区域及其周围的功能组织。 单元格分辨率。这种方法是创新的，因为它提出了与现状的新的实质性背离 因为它解决了一个与NEI相关的问题，即社会感知的神经机制，在一个新的 道路。这项拟议的研究意义重大，因为它将提供迈向机械化的关键一步 了解面部区域内执行的神经计算，可以开发高度的 改进了人工人脸处理系统，促进了我们对人脸功能组织的理解 人脸面积在一个新的维度上，从单一细胞层面到人脸面积层面。结果将会是 确定高级视觉回路的分子组织的基础和 转基因疾病模型的发展。因此，该项目与理解直接相关。 以及自闭症谱系障碍等综合症中社会信息处理的改变， 脆性X和威廉姆斯综合征。

PROJECT SUMMARY There is a fundamental gap in our understanding of how cortical circuit operations aid in high-level visual information-processing like face recognition. The existence of this conceptual gap constitutes an important problem because, until it is filled, it will neither be possible to explain face recognition and the computations face- selective networks implement, nor understand the reasons for face-recognition impairments in disorders like developmental prosopagnosia (face blindness). The long-term goal is to understand the neural mechanisms of face recognition and build an artificial face-recognition system implementing neural computations and thus explain face recognition mechanistically. The overall objective of this proposal presents a major step towards this goal: the establishment of a new approach and a new model system that permits imaging of large neural populations with single-cell resolution and cell-type differentiation within face-selective areas and surrounding regions. These technological advances are expected to lead to the understanding of the functional organization of face areas and how it impacts population codes for faces. The central hypotheses that will be tested, are that face areas are composed of multiple columns with different functional specializations, and that facial codes are highly cell type specific. The rationale for this proposal is that, after completion of the proposed research, the central gap in the understanding of how cortical circuit operations enable high-level vision will have been narrowed through the establishment of a new model system with unprecedented power to uncover the functional organization and circuit mechanisms of population codes of object recognition. The hypothesis will be tested by pursuing two specific aims: 1) Uncover the Spatial Organization of Face-Specializations of the Marmoset Brain; and 2) Determine the Cell-Type Specificity of Face Representations in Face-Selective areas. Two-photon calcium imaging during visual stimulation, combined with tissue clearing and cell type identification through immunohistochemistry will identify the functional organization of face areas and their surroundings with single- cell resolution. The approach is innovative because it presents a new and substantive departure from the status quo and because it addresses an NEI-relevant problem, the neural mechanisms of social perception, in a new way. The proposed research is significant, because it will provide a critical step forward towards a mechanistic understanding of the neural computations performed inside face areas, allow for the development of highly improved artificial face-processing systems, and advance our understanding of the functional organization of face areas in a new dimension and from the level of single cells to the level of face areas. The outcomes will lay the foundation for the determination of the molecular organization of high-level visual circuits and the development of transgenic disease models. The project, therefore, is of direct relevance for the understanding of prosopagnosia, as well as altered social information processing in syndromes like autism spectrum disorders, fragile X, and Williams syndrome.