Master epigenetic regulators and retinal degenerative disease

掌握表观遗传调节因子和视网膜退行性疾病

• 批准号: 10306197
• 负责人: Lianwang Guo
• 金额: $ 34.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10306197
• 关键词: Master; epigenetic; regulators; retinal; degenerative

Project summary Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the leading cause of inherited blindness afflicting one in every 3500 people. There are no effective treatments for RP, and no prospects for a cure either as it is not yet practical to individually correct the >2000 mutations (spread in ~70 genes) that initiate photoreceptor death. On the other hand, a com- mon microglia-mediated pathogenic process has been recently identified among RP models and patients with diverse mutations. Retinal microglia transform into an inflammatory state preceding rod degeneration. These activated microglia decimate rods in a positive feedback loop thereby amplifying secondary cone loss. As mi- croglial inflammatory activation is an early and common pathogenic event detrimental to rods, blocking it should attenuate rod degeneration thereby preserving cones and day vision in RP patients. Our long-term goal is to identify a master molecular switch governing the retinal microglial transition into the inflammatory state, so as to establish a novel interventional target for broadly treating RP regardless of the genetic cause. We have made an exciting preliminary finding that the Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins may represent such a novel target. Our central hypothesis is that the BET family is a master epigenetic switch, inhibition of which blocks the microglial inflammatory transition and protects photoreceptor survival. We were the first to report that blocking the entire BET family abrogates retinal microglial inflammation and mitigates photoreceptor loss in the rd10 mouse model of RP. BET proteins each contains two acetyl-histone binding bromodomains that can be pharmacologically blocked. Upon pathogenic stimulation, BET proteins assemble with key tran- scription factors at, and co-activate the expression of, a select set of pathogenic genes in a cell state-specific manner. To investigate the BET regulatory mechanism governing the resting-to-inflammatory state transition of microglia, we will delineate which BET protein(s) dictate microglial inflammation (Aim-1), and define the bromo- domain(s) responsible for this BET function (Aim-2) as well as the BET-associated key transcription fac- tor(s)(Aim-3). This proposal is innovative considering that the BET family is not merely another redundant downstream pathway. Rather, it is an upstream epigenetic determinant of pathogenic cell state transition. Thus, BET targeting should logically lead to more effective inhibition of microglial inflammation and protection of photoreceptors. This project will ultimately lead to a new paradigm of epigenetically targeted “epi-drug ther- apy” to effectively mitigate RP without having to genetically target individual mutations and downstream path- ways. As microglial inflammation is a hallmark of retinal degenerative diseases, this research will have a broad impact on millions of patients with conditions beyond RP.

项目总结