Essential role of Stasimon in motor circuit development and disease
Essential role of Stasimon in motor circuit development and disease
批准号:
10312031
负责人:
Livio Pellizzoni
金额:
$58.18万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-12-01 至 2024-11-30
关键词:
AffectAfferent NeuronsAnimal ModelBehaviorBehavioralBiological AssayBreathingCell modelCellsCessation of lifeDataDeafferentation procedureDeglutitionDevelopmentDiseaseEventFunctional disorderGene DeliveryGene MutationGoalsHealthHomeostasisHumanInduced MutationInheritedIntegral Membrane ProteinInterneuronsKnockout MiceKnowledgeLinkLipidsLocomotionMammalian CellMediatingMediator of activation proteinMembrane BiologyMitochondriaMolecularMorphologyMotorMotor NeuronsMovementMusMuscleMutant Strains MiceNeuraxisNeurobiologyNeurodegenerative DisordersNeuromuscular DiseasesNeuronsPathogenesisPathogenicityPathologyPathway interactionsPatternPeripheralPhysiologicalProcessPropertyProprioceptorPublishingRegulationRespirationRoleSMN deficiencySMN protein (spinal muscular atrophy)SensoryShapesSiteSpinalSpinal Muscular AtrophySynapsesSynaptic TransmissionSystemSystems DevelopmentTestingTranslatingViralWorkbrain pathwaycell growth regulationcell typecellular targetingconditional knockoutdesignhuman diseasein vivomembermitochondrial membranemotor controlmotor deficitmotor disordermouse modelmultidisciplinaryneural circuitneuron lossneuronal survivalnovelrestorationskeletal muscle wastingspinal reflexsynaptic function
中文摘要
马达电路可以控制基本的行为,如吞咽、呼吸和运动。
神经元是翻译在中枢神经系统中产生的运动指令的两个关键的神经介体。
外周肌肉是靶点。运动神经元是通过释放一种受精确调控的突触神经活动模式来激活的。
感觉神经元、局部和脊髓中间神经元,以及来自大脑的下行通路。此外,还有突触。
运动神经元在其早期发育过程中的活动与其功能特性形成了鲜明的对比,而基因则与之相反。
突变可能会在神经元的神经网络连接过程中或在神经元经常接收到的突触信息驱动过程中引发神经扰动。
结果导致运动调节系统功能紊乱,尽管主要的细胞调节作用靶点是细胞,但最精确的分子调节事件仍然存在。
这在很大程度上是难以捉摸的。因此,我们不仅要理解神经回路的基本原理,还要了解它的发展过程和功能。
突触功能障碍和选择性神经元死亡的机制研究在人类遗传病中具有突出的意义。
神经生物学方面的挑战。这种情况下一个突出的例子是脊髓和肌肉萎缩症(SMA)--一种遗传性疾病。
神经肌肉疾病是由于运动神经元胞浆(SMN)蛋白中普遍存在的钙缺乏引起的。
其发病机制涉及运动神经回路的多个主要成分的改变,从而导致脊髓功能的异常。
反射、运动神经元丢失和骨骼肌萎缩。然而,主要的分子生物学和细胞生物学机制。
SMA患者潜在的运动神经回路和功能障碍仍然知之甚少。在我们之前的研究工作中,我们已经确定了。
Stasimon认为这是一种全新的跨膜蛋白家族,它将细胞定位于内质网和线粒体之间的接触和部位。
在SMA的动物模型中,膜的形成和释放通过一种未明确的调节机制导致了运动功能障碍。
此外,我们的初步研究还显示,斯塔西蒙在神经回路中的慢性条件性神经功能衰竭严重。
扰乱了鼠标驱动模型中的运动控制功能,并指出这是正常运动控制系统的一个基本要求。
发展和功能。在这些发现的基础上,我们的下一个目标是更好地定义我们的神经回路和组件。
细胞信号通路(S)是斯塔西蒙发挥作用的途径,它是斯塔西蒙在控制电机回路中发挥重要作用和贡献的基础。
为了治疗人类疾病。为了做到这一点,我们将不会使用新开发的有条件的小鼠来进行特定细胞类型的细胞修复。
斯塔西蒙教授在体内进行了一项研究,以确定斯塔西蒙的神经功能障碍是否是由于SMN基因缺陷而导致的,它是否会自主地作用于细胞。
为了更好地促进SMA运动神经元和非细胞神经元的死亡,自主地改变运动神经元和非细胞神经元的活动。
本体感觉和感觉神经元功能障碍(目标1)。我们还将调查其时间和空间特征。
斯塔西蒙的要求是正常的大脑发育能力,以及使用新奇的方法来控制感觉-运动回路的功能。
我们最近开发的有条件基因敲除小鼠(AIM-2)。最后,我们将不会同时使用细胞基因和小鼠。
模型将更好地描述斯塔西蒙教授的主要分子生物学功能--线粒体--联系他们,并满足其基本要求。
对于健康和疾病控制中的运动回路功能测试(目标3)。为实现本测试的主要目标目标而取得的成功。
提案还将描述突触信息传递途径和电机回路信息功能的一些新颖方面的特点,以及这些方面的特点。
这是SMA的基本机制。
英文摘要
Motor circuits control fundamental behaviors such as swallowing, breathing and locomotion. Spinal motor
neurons are the key mediators translating motor commands generated within the central nervous system to
peripheral muscle targets. Motor neurons are activated by a precisely regulated pattern of synaptic activity from
sensory neurons, local spinal interneurons and descending pathways from the brain. Additionally, synaptic
activity received by motor neurons during early development shapes their functional properties. In contrast, gene
mutations that induce perturbations in either neuronal wiring or synaptic drive received by motor neurons often
result in motor system disorders, although the primary cellular targets and the precise molecular events remain
largely elusive. Thus, understanding the principles of neural circuit development and function as well as the
mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction and selective neuronal death in human disease represent outstanding
challenges in neurobiology. A prominent example of this situation is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)—an inherited
neuromuscular disease caused by ubiquitous deficiency in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA
pathogenesis involves alterations of multiple components of the motor circuit leading to abnormalities in spinal
reflexes, motor neuron loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms
underlying motor circuit dysfunction in SMA remain poorly understood. In our previous work we have identified
Stasimon as a novel transmembrane protein that localizes at contacts sites between ER and mitochondria
membranes and contributes to motor dysfunction in animal models of SMA through undefined mechanisms.
Furthermore, our preliminary studies revealed that Stasimon’s conditional depletion in neural circuits severely
disrupts motor function in mouse models, pointing to an essential requirement for normal motor system
development and function. Building on these findings, our goal is to define the neural circuit components and
cellular pathway(s) in which Stasimon functions that underlie its essential role in the motor circuit and contribution
to human disease. To do so, we will employ newly developed conditional mice for cell type-specific restoration
of Stasimon in vivo to study whether Stasimon dysfunction induced by SMN deficiency acts cell autonomously
to promote death of SMA motor neurons and non-cell autonomously to alter motor neuron firing through
dysfunction of proprioceptive sensory neurons (Aim 1). We will also investigate the temporal and spatial
requirement of Stasimon for normal development and function of the sensory-motor circuit using novel
conditional knockout mice we have recently developed (Aim 2). Lastly, we will use both cellular and mouse
models to characterize the molecular function of Stasimon at the ER-mitochondria contacts and its requirement
for motor circuit function in health and disease (Aim 3). The successful accomplishment of the objectives of this
proposal will characterize novel aspects of synaptic transmission and motor circuit function as well as the
underlying mechanisms of SMA.
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