A Prospective-Longitudinal Investigation of the Biopsychosocial Predictors of Loneliness Across Adolescence in Autism and Typical Development

自闭症青春期孤独感的生物心理社会预测因素和典型发展的前瞻性纵向调查

• 批准号: 10318644
• 负责人: Elizabeth Redcay
• 金额: $ 72.35万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-15 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10318644
• 关键词: 14 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Brain; Chronic Disease; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Development; Ecological momentary assessment; Feeling; Friendships; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Loneliness; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Perception; Play; Population; Process; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Self-Injurious Behavior; Silk; Social Interaction; Social Processes; Stimulus; Suicide; Surveys; System; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Work; adolescent with autism spectrum disorder; adverse outcome; autism spectrum disorder; biopsychosocial; cognitive system; effective intervention; emotional distress; experience; functional MRI scan; high risk population; high-risk adolescents; imaging approach; individuals with autism spectrum disorder; informant; innovation; laboratory experiment; longitudinal design; model development; mortality; movie; neuromechanism; novel; peer; peer influence; physical conditioning; prospective; protective factors; relating to nervous system; response; social; translational impact

ABSTRACT Loneliness, or the feeling of distress that accompanies perceived social disconnection, confers significant risk for negative physical and mental health outcomes, such as chronic disease, depression, and self-harm. Adolescence is a period of increasing loneliness and thus a critical time to identify risk and protective factors. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate higher rates of loneliness than the typical population, making them especially vulnerable to these negative outcomes. While developmental research has identified peer relations as risk and protective factors in typically developing (TD) populations, gaps remain in our understanding of how peer relations relate to the development of loneliness in ASD. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that confer risk and protection in the development of loneliness in adolescence, and whether they differ in high-risk populations, is critical to effectively intervening and ameliorating loneliness before the onset of significant deleterious consequences. Research in adults points to several cognitive and neural factors associated with loneliness and social connection: social-cognitive systems, social reward systems, and dissimilarity from others. These brain mechanisms are also atypical in ASD and posited to relate to atypical social interaction. The current proposal will test a novel biopsychosocial model of the development of loneliness in which these posited neural mechanisms serve as predictors in the development of loneliness via their effects on social experiences. In our model, peer relations may confer both risk and protective factors between social experience and the development of loneliness. We will test this model using a prospective- longitudinal design to follow 75 ASD and 120 TD adolescents mean-matched in age and IQ, and followed every four months for twenty months. Importantly, this project will be the first to integrate across these neural, cognitive/affective, and behavioral levels of analysis to investigate risk and protective mechanisms in the developmental emergence of loneliness in adolescents with TD and ASD, and to examine whether these mechanisms differ between groups. The current proposal is innovative in its use of ecologically valid, naturalistic, and social-interactive fMRI approaches that the PI Dr. Redcay has developed. Further, the proposal builds on existing work from co-Is Drs. Shackman and Lemay and Consultant Dr. Silk to use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to obtain real-world, in-the-moment assessments of social experiences and their effects on mood and loneliness. These contributions will be significant to the scientific field and relevant to the strategic mission of NIMH because they will provide novel, critical missing information on the developmental trajectory of loneliness in ASD and will identify mechanisms of risk for and protection against loneliness outcomes. Knowledge gained from this project has direct implications for treatment interventions to mitigate the experience of loneliness and associated negative outcomes in high-risk adolescents with ASD and TD.

抽象的 孤独或与社会脱节相伴的痛苦感会带来重大风险 针对负面的身心健康结果，例如慢性病、抑郁和自残。 青春期是一个孤独感日益增强的时期，因此是识别风险和保护因素的关键时期。 患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的青少年比典型的青少年表现出更高的孤独感 人口，使他们特别容易受到这些负面结果的影响。虽然发展研究已 将同伴关系确定为典型发展中（TD）人群的风险和保护因素，但差距仍然存在 我们对同伴关系与自闭症谱系障碍孤独感的发展有何关系的理解。因此，了解 在青春期孤独感的发展中赋予风险和保护的机制，以及是否 它们在高危人群中存在差异，对于在疫情发生前有效干预和改善孤独感至关重要 发生重大有害后果。成人研究指出了一些认知和神经因素 与孤独和社会联系相关的：社会认知系统、社会奖励系统和 与他人的不同。这些大脑机制在自闭症谱系障碍中也是非典型的，并且被认为与非典型的 社交互动。目前的提案将测试一种新的生物心理社会发展模型 孤独感，其中这些假定的神经机制通过以下方式充当孤独感发展的预测因子： 它们对社会经历的影响。在我们的模型中，同伴关系可能会带来风险和保护因素 社会经历与孤独感的发展之间的关系。我们将使用前瞻性测试该模型 纵向设计跟踪 75 名 ASD 和 120 名 TD 青少年，年龄和智商均值匹配，并跟踪 每四个月一次，持续二十个月。重要的是，这个项目将是第一个整合这些神经、 认知/情感和行为水平的分析，以调查风险和保护机制 患有 TD 和 ASD 的青少年是否会出现孤独感，并检查这些是否 不同群体之间的机制有所不同。当前的提案在使用生态有效的、 PI Redcay 博士开发的自然主义和社交互动功能磁共振成像方法。此外， 该提案建立在联合博士的现有工作的基础上。 Shackman 和 Lemay 以及顾问 Silk 博士使用 生态瞬时评估（EMA）以获得真实世界的社会即时评估 经历及其对情绪和孤独的影响。这些贡献对于科学发展具有重要意义 领域并与 NIMH 的战略任务相关，因为它们将提供新颖、关键的缺失信息 研究自闭症谱系障碍孤独感的发展轨迹，并将确定风险和保护机制 对抗孤独的结果。从该项目中获得的知识对治疗有直接影响 减轻高风险人群的孤独感和相关负面结果的干预措施 患有 ASD 和 TD 的青少年。