Neural Origins of Temperamental Risk for Anxiety

项目摘要 焦虑症影响了美国三分之一的人口，给个人和社会带来了沉重的负担。 虽然发病率在青春期后期达到高峰，但焦虑症起源于婴儿和儿童早期 气质此外，除了预测日后焦虑的风险， 预测了焦虑的神经关联。因此，气质可以识别一种持久的神经“风险 签名。”精确地描述这种特征可以产生有助于减轻负担的知识 长期的心理健康问题。然而，大多数研究量化了老年人的神经风险特征， 儿童和成人。因此，目前还不清楚这种涉及气质和大脑的风险特征是否 功能，在婴儿期表现出来，然后预测以后的行为。在这里，我们建议招募一个典型的样本 对3-5个月大的婴儿进行筛查，以确定消极反应性气质， 网络使用磁共振成像（MRI），并评估他们的行为抑制（BI）在13-15个月 年龄。我们之前的工作使用新奇诱发的运动活动和行为困扰来量化一个气质 这就是所谓的负反应。这种偏见预测了在早期阶段， 童年，一种叫做BI的模式。反过来，BI与大脑的显著性和腹侧功能有关。 注意力网络此外，BI是最好的早期儿童行为预测后期焦虑症， 条件也与功能的显着性和腹侧注意力网络。我们将测试 假设婴儿早期行为评估的负反应与降低 功能连接的显着性和腹侧注意网络相对于非反应性婴儿。识别 婴儿期负性反应增强的神经基础以及与BI的联系将阐明 神经生物学起源的风险发展的焦虑。

Project Summary Anxiety disorders affect one third of the US population, significantly burdening individuals and society. Although rates peak in late adolescence, anxiety disorders have origins in infant and early childhood temperament. Moreover, beyond predicting risk for later anxiety, early temperament even more strongly predicts later neural correlates of anxiety. As such, temperament may identify an enduring neural “risk signature.” Precisely characterizing this signature may generate knowledge that would help reduce the burden of long-term mental health problems. However, most research quantifies such neural risk signatures in older children and adults. Thus, it remains unclear whether such a risk signature, involving temperament and brain function, manifests in infancy before predicting later behavior. Here, we propose to recruit a sample of typically developing 3-5-month-old infants screened to identify negative reactive temperament, characterize their brain networks using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and assess their Behavioral Inhibition (BI) at 13-15 months of age. Our prior work uses novelty-evoked motor activity and behavioral distress to quantify a temperamental bias called negative reactivity. This bias predicts later avoidance of unfamiliar stimuli or contexts during early childhood, a pattern called BI. BI, in turn, is associated with functioning in the brain’s salience and ventral attention networks. Moreover, BI is the best early-child behavioral predictor of later anxiety disorders, conditions also associated with functioning in the salience and ventral attention networks. We will test the hypothesis that behaviorally assessed negative reactivity in early infancy is associated with decreased functional connectivity in the salience and ventral attention networks relative to non-reactive infants. Identifying the neural underpinnings of heightened negative reactivity in infancy and links to BI will elucidate the neurobiological origins of risk for the development of anxiety.