Southern Environmental Health Study

总结 大约80%的人类癌症是由不利的环境暴露引起的， 不健康的生活方式和/或其与宿主易感因素的相互作用。先前的研究 主要集中在评估行为风险因素，如吸烟，身体活动不足， 不健康的饮食和肥胖。虽然美国环保署已经登记了80，000多种化学品， 在流行病学研究中，很少对它们与人类癌症的关系进行充分的研究。 在流行病学研究中，研究环境暴露存在相当大的挑战。 人类暴露于大量的化学和物理物质及其混合物， 通常在较长的时间段内处于低水平。先前的环境流行病学研究 大多数情况下都是一次评估一个人然而，由于一个典型的弱关联， 考虑到疾病风险的暴露，加上环境监测的工具和生物标志物有限， 评估，大多数研究未能提供令人信服的证据，以联系环境暴露 to cancer癌症risk风险.为了克服这些挑战，我们建议建立一个大型队列研究，包括 约50，000名参与者，广泛收集调查和地理空间暴露数据，以及 生物和环境样本，以解决癌症的环境病因学的关键问题。 利用社区参与框架，帮助为研究提供信息，加强招聘， 保留工作，并传播成果，我们将重点招聘低收入和少数民族 更有可能生活在资源匮乏和污染严重社区的人口。我们 建议将1,500名研究参与者纳入一项深入的研究， 评估问题，确定外部暴露的关键生物标志物，检查外部暴露与 和内部指标与癌症相关的生物反应，并开发累积的麻烦的风险 成绩.拟议的研究将能够直接评估环境暴露的关联 与癌症的长期结果，以及与癌症中间生物标志物的相关性， 短期内通过整合来自多个来源的环境暴露数据， 暴露评估和环境暴露和反应的生物标志物，这一建议 这项研究将使我们能够系统地、严格地调查与以下方面有关的环境暴露： 癌症风险，并提供大量的新数据，以提高对外部和 这将为未来环境诱发癌症的补救铺平道路。

SUMMARY Approximately 80% of human cancers are caused by adverse environmental exposures, unhealthy lifestyles and/or their interactions with host susceptibility factors. Previous studies have mostly focused on evaluating behavioral risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets and obesity. While more than 80,000 chemicals have been registered by the EPA, very few of them have been adequately investigated in relation to human cancers in epidemiologic studies. There are considerable challenges in studying environmental exposures in epidemiologic studies. Humans are exposed to large numbers of chemical and physical substances and their mixtures, typically at low levels over extended periods of time. Previous environmental epidemiologic studies have mostly evaluated exposures one at a time. However, because of a typically weak association of a given exposure with disease risk, coupled with limited tools and biomarkers for environmental assessments, most studies have failed to provide convincing evidence to link environmental exposures to cancer risk. To overcome these challenges, we propose to establish a large cohort study including ~50,000 participants with an extensive collection of survey and geospatial exposure data, as well as biological and environmental samples, to address critical issues in the environmental etiology of cancer. Utilizing a framework of community-engagement to help inform research, enhance recruitment and retention efforts, and disseminate results, we will focus on recruiting low-income and minority populations who are more likely to live in resource deprived and heavily polluted communities. We propose to include 1,500 of the study participants in a deep-exposome study to comprehensively assess the exposome, identify key biomarkers of external exposures, examine associations of external and internal metrics with cancer-related biological responses, and develop cumulative exposome risk scores. The proposed study will enable direct evaluation of associations of environmental exposures with cancer outcomes in the long term, and associations with cancer intermediate biomarkers in the short term. By integrating environmental exposure data from multiple sources, including personal exposure assessments and biologic markers of environmental exposure and responses, this proposed study will allow us to systematically and rigorously investigate environmental exposures in relation to cancer risk and provide substantial novel data to improve the understanding of both external and internal exposomes, which will pave the way for future remediation of environmentally induced cancer.