Diet and Cognition within a Reserve framework

储备框架内的饮食和认知

• 批准号: 10360529
• 负责人: Yian Gu
• 金额: $ 66.2万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10360529
• 关键词: Adherence; Adult; Age; Aging; Alzheimer disease prevention; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain imaging; Capital; Chronology; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Data; Dementia; Demographic Factors; Development; Diet; Dietary Factors; Dietary Practices; Education; Elderly; Foundations; Health; Image; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Leisure Activities; Life Experience; Light; Literature; Longevity; Maintenance; Measures; Methods; Neurobiology; Neuropsychology; Participant; Pathologic; Pathology; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Preventive measure; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recommendation; Research; Residual state; Role; Structure; Thick; Time; Variant; Work; age group; age related; aged; aging brain; base; brain morphology; brain volume; cognitive ability; cognitive benefits; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive reserve; cohort; design; dietary; dietary adherence; experience; follow-up; good diet; improved; insight; interest; lifestyle factors; middle age; modifiable lifestyle factors; multimodality; neuropathology; non-demented; nutrition; prevent; protective factors; resilience; white matter; young adult

Project Summary/Abstract Age-related declines on many cognitive abilities are well documented and are highly associated with subsequent development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, there is great variability in cognitive abilities across individuals in susceptibility to these age-related changes. It may help to identify potential preventive measures by elucidating the mechanisms underlying this variability. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience suggests that, among the elderly, variation in cognition might be due to the differences in present brain reserve [a combined result from peak brain reserve (peak BR; peak neurobiological capital at young age) and the brain maintenance (BM; ability of maintain against aging-related morphologic brain decline or pathological accumulation over time)] and cognitive reserve (CR; the extent of cognitive function exceeding what can be expected from a certain level of brain aging or pathology). Adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) is one of the top modifiable protective factors against AD and cognitive decline in the literature. However, which of the three reserve concepts (BR, BM, and CR) play a role in the cognitive benefits of MeDi is unclear. Obtaining insight into the role of the reserve concepts in the context of diet and AD or cognition will assist to prioritize public health efforts and provide a firm foundation for dietary recommendations on cognitive resilience and AD prevention. We aim to examine the respective roles of BR, BM and CR in cognitive benefits of MeDi, using data from a unique research population which includes 562 cognitively healthy participants aged 20-80, evaluated with multimodal brain imaging measures, a neuropsychological battery, and questionnaires on many demographic and lifestyle factors. Five-year follow-up of the cohort is ongoing. Thus, we are well positioned to explore the association between MeDi and present BR in all age groups, of particular interest will be the present BR of young adults representing the peak BR. For BM, we have previously developed relative BM measures using cross-sectional data. More importantly, the longitudinal data will allow us to directly measure BM. Finally, we have extensive experience in CR quantification. Specifically, we will: 1) Examine whether healthy diet such as MeDi is associated with larger BR. We will examine whether closer adherence to MeDi is associated with larger BR in all age groups, with the association in the young adults approximating the association of MeDi with Peak BR. 2) Examine whether MeDi is associated with BM. We will examine whether MeDi is positively associated with a relative BM proxy using cross-sectional data, and with a direct measure of BM (using longitudinal change of brain measures). 3) Examine whether MeDi is associated with CR. Using cross-sectional data, we will examine whether MeDi is associated with a “residual” estimate of CR, or with the expression of previously identified CR-brain networks. Using longitudinal data, we will examine whether MeDi moderates the relationship between brain and cognitive change.

项目概要/摘要 许多认知能力与年龄相关的下降都有据可查，并且与以下因素高度相关： 阿尔茨海默病（AD）的后续发展。然而，认知能力存在很大差异 个体对这些与年龄相关的变化的敏感性的能力。它可能有助于识别潜在的 通过阐明这种变异性背后的机制来采取预防措施。认知方面的最新进展 神经科学表明，老年人的认知差异可能是由于当前的差异造成的 脑储备 [峰值脑储备（峰值 BR；年轻时神经生物学资本峰值）的综合结果 和大脑维护（BM；维持对抗衰老相关的大脑形态衰退的能力或 随着时间的病理积累）]和认知储备（CR；认知功能超过的程度 从一定程度的大脑老化或病理学可以预期什么）。坚持地中海式 饮食（MeDi）是文献中针对 AD 和认知能力下降的最可改变的保护因素之一。 然而，三个储备概念（BR、BM 和 CR）中哪一个在 MeDi 的认知益处中发挥了作用？ 不清楚。深入了解储备概念在饮食和AD或认知背景下的作用将 协助优先考虑公共卫生工作，并为认知饮食建议提供坚实的基础 复原力和 AD 预防。我们的目的是研究 BR、BM 和 CR 在认知益处中各自的作用 Medi 的数据，使用来自独特研究人群的数据，其中包括 562 名认知健康的参与者 年龄 20-80 岁，通过多模式脑成像测量、神经心理学电池和 关于许多人口和生活方式因素的调查问卷。该队列的五年随访正在进行中。因此， 我们有能力探索 MeDi 和当前 BR 在所有年龄段（特别是 兴趣将是代表峰值 BR 的年轻人的当前 BR。对于BM，我们之前有 使用横截面数据制定了相关的 BM 措施。更重要的是，纵向数据将允许 我们直接测量BM。最后，我们在CR量化方面拥有丰富的经验。具体来说，我们将：1） 检查健康饮食（如 MeDi）是否与较大的 BR 相关。我们将检查是否更接近 在所有年龄段中，坚持 MeDi 与较大的 BR 相关，在年轻人中也存在相关性 近似 Medi 与 Peak BR 的关联。 2) 检查MeDi是否与BM相关。我们将 使用横截面数据检查 MeDi 是否与相对 BM 代理呈正相关，并与 直接测量 BM（使用大脑测量的纵向变化）。 3）检查MeDi是否关联 与CR。使用横截面数据，我们将检查 MeDi 是否与“残差”估计相关 CR，或与先前识别的 CR 脑网络的表达。使用纵向数据，我们将检查 Medi 是否调节大脑和认知变化之间的关系。