UV to blue neuronal phototransduction mechanisms

项目摘要 隐花色素(CRY)对神经细胞膜的快速变化具有紫外光和蓝光的转导作用 果蝇脑内外侧腹侧昼夜节律/觉醒神经元的电位 电压门控K+通道β亚基，表达耦合光激活的功能性氧化还原传感器 哭到神经细胞膜去极化。最近，我们发现视紫红质7(Rh7)是一种额外的- 视网膜视蛋白也在外侧腹侧神经元表达，并将紫光传递给去极化和 增加神经元的放电率。光激活Rh7偶联到多个G蛋白通路。因此，我们有 有助于发现两种发生在中央大脑神经元上的新的光传导。呐喊和Rh7 与外侧腹侧神经元相互作用，该神经元通过突触接受来自外部的第三光输入 光感受器。这提出了一组新的问题，即基于氧化还原的CREY和 G蛋白偶联视蛋白在相同的神经元中，以及来自光驱动的突触输入的进一步调制。 使用基于强大的分子遗传学、行为分析和生理学的综合方法， 我们发现，在果蝇神经元中表达的CREY调节紫外线趋光性和其他光驱动行为，包括 管理层的选择。我们最新的工作表明，这些驱动复杂光的信号机制 反应行为对昼夜节律的影响非常敏感，甚至对昼夜偏好也是如此。 CRY和Rh7之间的相互作用为苍蝇提供了精确的一天中的时间信息，我们可以监控这些信息 通过在单细胞分辨率下的昼夜全电路成像。机会是巨大的，因为 到目前为止，我们对无脊椎动物短波长光感应的理解，包括有害昆虫 由于蚊子一直局限于视网膜视蛋白为主的光传导。我们建议确定这些是如何 短波长光传导系统会聚到少量神经元以驱动光反应 苍蝇和蚊子的一天中的时间行为。我们的研究为改善光线提供了新的机会 通过了解新的氧化还原和G蛋白光信号的基本生物学来控制昆虫 机械装置。

Project Summary Cryptochrome (CRY) transduces ultraviolet and blue wavelength light to rapid changes in neuronal membrane potential of lateral ventral circadian/arousal neurons in Drosophila brains by a redox based mechanism via voltage-gated K+ channel beta subunits that express a functional redox sensor that couples light activated CRY to depolarization of the neuronal membrane. Recently, we found that Rhodopsin 7 (Rh7) is an extra- retinal opsin that also expresses in the lateral ventral neurons and transduces violet light to depolarization and increased neuronal firing rate. Light activated Rh7 couples to multiple G-protein pathways. Thus, we have contributed to the discovery of two novel phototransduction that occur in central brain neurons. CRY and Rh7 interact in the lateral ventral neurons, which receive a third photic input synaptically from external photoreceptors. This raises a new set of questions of signaling interactions between redox-based CRY and a G protein-coupled opsin in the same neurons along with further modulation from light driven synaptic inputs. Using an integrative approach based on powerful molecular genetics and behavioral analysis and physiology, we find that CRY expressed in fly neurons regulates UV phototaxis and other light driven behaviors including executive choice. Our most recent work shows that these signaling mechanisms that drive complex light response behaviors are highly sensitive to circadian time of day effects, even diurnal vs. nocturnal preferences. The interactions between CRY and Rh7 provide precise time-of-day information to flies, which we can monitor by circadian whole circuit imaging at single cell resolution. The opportunities are enormous because heretofore, our understanding of short wavelength light sensing in invertebrates, including harmful insects such as mosquitoes has been limited to retinal opsin-based phototransduction. We propose to determine how these short wavelength phototransduction systems converge to a small number of neurons to drive light responses and time of day behavior in flies and mosquitoes. Our research provides new opportunities to improve light control of insects by understanding the fundamental biology of novel redox and G-protein based light signaling mechanisms.