Making Numbers Meaningful: Promoting Evidence-based Communication of Numbers in Health

患者进行决策和疾病自我管理所需的大部分健康和医疗信息是 2量化。患者在实验室结果、医疗风险信息、基因组数据、药物标签、 3和用药说明。不幸的是，许多患者，特别是那些健康计算能力较低的患者， 4理解和使用此信息有困难。低健康数字对健康的影响不成比例 5不平等的人群，但在健康素养较高的人群中也很普遍。一大堆证据 6确定了可提高患者理解能力的信息可视化和演示方法 7个数字。这一证据表明，病人对数字的理解能力受到表现的强烈影响。 8(或格式)，例如风险是否描述为5%或5/100，以及实验室数据是否在 9表格或可视化为带有动作阈值的图形。这项研究如果得到应用，可能会缩小差距 高教育水平和低教育水平的患者在理解和利用自己健康的能力方面存在差异 11个数据。然而，关于算术能力的证据并没有从研究环境有效地转化为 12医疗保健。这种失败损害了信息资源和信息技术的有效性 13对算术能力低下的患者进行干预。我们将开发一种交互式的清晰的数字交流 14指南，以支持有关提出和可视化健康数字的专业决策。这将需要 15进行系统的审查，以整理和评估当前的证据；构建一个免费的在线决策 16为健康教育工作者、信息技术开发人员、健康信息专家或 17名为患者创建信息资源的卫生专业人员；并对指南进行评估。 18我们的长期目标是建立清晰的通信号码，作为个人和 19个为患者准备健康数据的组织，并将其应用为标准的质量控制步骤 公布了20个健康数据。清楚地传达数字将推进NLM支持的使命 21消费者和患者参与了解、访问和使用他们的健康数据和其他健康 22个信息资源。这个项目将产生：一个以证据为基础的资源，整合关于 23患者对健康中的数字的理解；一个免费的、基于网络的交互式系统来帮助 24位信息专家以患者为中心作出关于信息可视化和表示的决定；以及 25可用于支持未来发展的数字通信概念的可共享本体 26额外的信息资源和服务，以支持患者、教育工作者和临床医生。

1 Much of the health and medical information patients need for decision-making and disease self-management is 2 quantitative. Patients encounter numbers in lab results, medical risk information, genomic data, drug labels, 3 and medication instructions. Unfortunately, many patients, especially those with low health numeracy, have 4 difficulty understanding and using this information. Low health numeracy disproportionately affects health 5 disparities populations, yet is also prevalent among those with high health literacy. A large body of evidence 6 has identified information visualization and presentation approaches that improve patients' ability to understand 7 numbers. This evidence shows that patients' ability to interpret numbers is strongly influenced by presentation 8 (or format), such as whether a risk is described as 5% or 5 in 100, and whether laboratory data are listed in a 9 table or visualized as a graph with action thresholds. This research, if applied, could narrow disparities 10 between patients with high and low educational levels in their ability to understand and use their own health 11 data. However, evidence about numeracy has not been effectively translated from research settings to 12 healthcare. This failure impairs the effectiveness of information resources and information technology 13 interventions with patients with low numeracy. We will develop an interactive Communicating Numbers Clearly 14 guide to support professional decisions about presenting and visualizing numbers in health. This will require 15 conducting a systematic review to collate and evaluate current evidence; constructing a free online decision 16 support system for health educators, information technology developers, health information specialists, or 17 health professionals who create information resources for patients; and conducting an evaluation of the guide. 18 Our long-term goal is to establish Communicating Numbers Clearly as a training resource for individuals and 19 organizations that prepare health data for patients, and its application as a standard quality control step before 20 health numbers are released. Communicating Numbers Clearly will advance NLM's mission of supporting 21 consumer and patient engagement in understanding, accessing, and using their health data and other health 22 information resources. This project will produce: an evidence-based resource that integrates knowledge about 23 patient understanding of numbers in health; a freely available, interactive web-based system to help 24 information specialists make patient-centered decisions about information visualization and representation; and 25 a shareable ontology of numerical communication concepts available to support future development of 26 additional information resources and services to support patients, educators, and clinicians.