Research Project 1: Role of Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Ebola Virus Disease

研究项目1：表观遗传和转录机制在埃博拉病毒疾病发病机制中的作用

• 批准号: 10394319
• 负责人: Alexander Bukreyev
• 金额: $ 36.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-15 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10394319
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; ATAC-seq; Acute; Address; Animals; Antiinflammatory Effect; Apoptosis; Area; B-Lymphocytes; Bioinformatics; Cell physiology; Cells; Cessation of life; ChIP-seq; Chemicals; Chromatin; Collaborations; Cytoplasm; Data; Data Analyses; Dendritic Cells; Deposition; Development; Disease; Ebola; Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever; Ebola virus; Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein; Endothelial Cells; Enzymes; Epigenetic Process; Equilibrium; Gene Activation; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic Transcription; Hepatocyte; Human; Immune; Immune Tolerance; Immune response; Immunity; Immunology; In Vitro; Infection; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Interferon-alpha; Interferons; Investigation; Joints; Journals; Knowledge; Lymphopenia; Marburgvirus; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Myelogenous; Nature; Outcomes Research; Paper; Pathogenesis; Pathogenicity; Pathologic; Pharmacology; Physiological; Process; Production; Protein Isoforms; Publishing; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Role; Science; Signal Transduction; Site; T cell response; T-Cell Activation; T-Lymphocyte; TLR4 gene; Testing; Topoisomerase; Transcriptional Regulation; Translational Regulation; Treatment outcome; Viral Pathogenesis; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; base; cell type; cytokine; cytokine release syndrome; epigenetic regulation; epigenome; gene repression; histone methylation; in vivo; inhibitor; innovation; kidney cell; mRNA Expression; medical schools; monocyte; nonhuman primate; pathogen; programs; proteogenomics; response; single cell analysis; single cell sequencing; transcription factor; transcriptome; transcriptome sequencing; transcriptomics; virology

RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (RP1): PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Pathogenesis of the disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV) is characterized by a multifaceted and contradictory interplay between the virus and the host. The effect of EBOV infection is characterized by deficient T-cell responses and lymphopenia, which at least in part results from stimulation by virus-infected dendritic cells whose maturation is suppressed by interferon-inhibiting domains of the virus. In addition, EBOV infections are characterized by hyperinflammation, contributed by interaction of the EBOV envelope glycoprotein (GP) with TLR4 on T cells and possibly by other mechanisms, resulting in massive secretion of cytokines. This dysregulated immune response results from disruption of transcriptional networks, many caused by alterations in the epigenome, as evidenced by (1) chemical inhibition of type 1 topoisomerase resulting in reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators induced by EBOV in infected cells, (2) inhibition of TLR4 signaling, which is regulated at epigenetic level, promoting survival of EBOV-infected mice, and (3) treatment of EBOV- infected mice with a global histone methylation inhibitor that upregulates production of IFNα and protects animals from death. The central hypothesis of Research Project 1 (RP1) is that cell-specific and gene-specific regulation of transcription in response to EBOV infection leads to contrasting responses that paradoxically cause a pathogenic immune response and “immune paralysis”. To address this hypothesis, the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape during EBOV infections in vitro and in vivo will be characterized. A comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome alterations and epigenetic changes caused by EBOV infection will be performed in both human primary cells and specific cell types isolated from infected nonhuman primates. Investigations involving the expression of mRNAs that encode transcription factors will be done to determine the deposition of epigenetic marks and their role in gene activation and repression, as well as investigating the effects of chromatin accessibility on expression and secretion of inflammatory mediators using cells from human donors. This project will target key transcriptional nodes identified by modeling EBOV infection. The data generated in vitro and in vivo, together with data from in RP2 and RP3, will be integrated by the Bioinformatics and Modelling Core (Core D) in a model. The transcriptional networks identified in the model will predict critical nodes that represent vulnerabilities that will be targeted to modulate cell response and reduce EBOV pathogenesis. For example, chromatin-resident enzymes and transcription factors that induce expression of genes causing inflammation and other pathological changes will be targeted. The study will result in the characterization of epigenetic and transcriptional responses to EBOV; to date no epigenetic response to any BSL-4 level virus has been characterized. The study will also result in the development of approaches to treat EBOV disease by targeting host transcriptional and epigenetic functions.

研究项目1（RP 1）：项目总结/摘要 埃博拉病毒（Ebola virus，EBOV）致病机理具有多面性和矛盾性 病毒和宿主之间的相互作用EBOV感染的效应的特征是T细胞缺陷， 免疫应答和淋巴细胞减少，其至少部分由病毒感染的树突细胞的刺激引起， 成熟被病毒的干扰素抑制结构域抑制。此外，EBOV感染是 其特征是过度炎症，由EBOV包膜糖蛋白（GP）与 TLR 4对T细胞和可能通过其他机制，导致大量分泌细胞因子。这 免疫反应失调是由于转录网络的破坏，许多是由改变引起的， 在表观基因组中，如通过（1）化学抑制1型拓扑异构酶导致减少的 感染细胞中EBOV诱导的促炎介质的表达，（2）TLR 4信号传导的抑制， 其在表观遗传水平上被调节，促进EBOV感染小鼠的存活，和（3）EBOV- 用上调IFNα产生并保护动物的全局组蛋白甲基化抑制剂感染小鼠 免于死亡 研究项目1（RP 1）的中心假设是，细胞特异性和基因特异性调节 应答EBOV感染的转录导致相反的应答，其矛盾地引起致病性的免疫应答。 免疫反应和“免疫麻痹”。为了解决这一假设，表观遗传和转录 将表征体外和体内EBOV感染期间的景观。全面分析 EBOV感染引起的转录组改变和表观遗传学改变将在两个人中进行， 原代细胞和从受感染的非人灵长类动物中分离的特定细胞类型。调查涉及 将进行编码转录因子的mRNA的表达，以确定表观遗传的沉积。 标记及其在基因激活和抑制中的作用，以及研究染色质的影响 使用来自人供体的细胞对炎症介质的表达和分泌的可及性。 该项目将针对通过建模EBOV感染识别的关键转录节点。中生成的数据 体外和体内，以及RP 2和RP 3中的数据，将由生物信息学整合， 在模型中建模核心（核心D）。模型中识别的转录网络将预测关键的 代表脆弱性的节点将被定向以调节细胞响应并减少EBOV 发病机制例如，可以使用染色质驻留酶和转录因子，其诱导 将针对引起炎症和其他病理变化的基因。 该研究将导致对EBOV的表观遗传和转录反应的表征;迄今为止， 对任何BSL-4水平病毒的表观遗传应答已经被表征。这项研究还将导致 开发通过靶向宿主转录和表观遗传功能治疗EBOV疾病的方法。