A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools

K-12 学校枪支暴力预防策略和政策的全国病例对照研究

• 批准号: 10399766
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 196.16万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-17 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10399766
• 关键词: Academy; Accounting; Adolescent; Aquilegia; COVID-19 pandemic; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cities; Civil Rights; Clinical; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Discipline; Education; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Ethics; Event; Exposure to; Family; Fright; Funding; Future; Graph; Grouping; Guns; Human Resources; Incidence; Knowledge; Laws; Link; Logistic Regressions; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Nature; Neighborhoods; Policies; Population Study; Procedures; Public Health; Publications; Random Allocation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Security; Security Measures; Series; Source; Statistical Data Interpretation; Structure; Students; Suspensions; System; Techniques; Testing; Text; Time; Violence; Work; active shooter; arm; base; case control; comparison group; demographics; density; design; detector; economic disparity; educational atmosphere; experience; gun violence; high school; improved; innovation; prevent; racial disparity; school district; school health; school shooting; school violence; socioeconomics; statistics; violence prevention; violent crime; web site

Project Summary/Abstract Firearm violence in K-12 schools is a persistent public health threat in the US. The negative impact of these tragedies on children and school staff is significant. School-wide efforts (e.g. metal detectors, active shooter drills, armed school personnel, and two dozen others) to improve safety and assuage fears are being widely implemented in public K-12 schools across the US. Yet, the effectiveness of most of these strategies at deterring school shootings has never been scientifically tested. Moreover, school districts may differentially use these strategies based on factors unrelated to school safety, including as a means to discipline students. These extraordinary gaps in evidence are particularly significant, as the U.S. K-12 public school system currently serves an estimated 51 million children. The proposed research team has conducted substantial pilot and preliminary research demonstrating the feasibility of the larger study proposed here. Its broad objective is to conduct the first nationwide study of specific school safety tactics and policies and their potential impact on school shootings and student disciplinary actions across K-12 public schools in the U.S. Given this, three specific aims will be completed: (1) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of intentional shootings in K-12 public schools; (2) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspension and expulsions in K-12 public schools; and (3) to identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exist in effect modification analyses of the relationships between implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and intentional shootings in K-12 public schools. This will be accomplished through a nationally representative, population-based, case- control study comparing hundreds of case schools that have experienced a school shooting and randomly selected control schools that have not experienced such an event using epidemiological incidence density sampling over a nine-year period (n = 658). Case data will be ascertained primarily via the FEMA-funded Naval Postgraduate School K–12 School Shooting database. Additional databases that record and publicly report school shooting incidents will be linked and harmonized. One control school will be randomly selected from a national database of public K–12 schools at the National Center for Education Statistics and matched to each case school based on state, urban/nonurban, and elementary/middle/high school status. Publicly accessible school safety plans and multiple publicly available secondary sources of data will be used to determine the safety strategies in place at both case and control schools during the school year before each case school’s shooting event. These data will be linked to data on school suspensions and expulsions, obtained from the national Civil Rights Data Collection website. Results will newly inform school policies and practices to reduce gun violence and promote healthy experiences for all children across disparate K-12 school communities.

项目总结/摘要 在美国，K-12学校的枪支暴力是一个持续的公共卫生威胁。这些负面影响 儿童和学校工作人员的悲剧是重大的。全校范围内的努力（例如金属探测器，主动射手 演习，武装学校人员和二十多个其他人），以提高安全和减轻恐惧正在广泛 在美国的公立K-12学校实施。然而，大多数这些战略的有效性， 阻止校园枪击案从未经过科学检验。此外，学区可以区别使用 这些策略基于与学校安全无关的因素，包括作为一种纪律学生的手段。 这些证据中的非凡差距尤其重要，因为美国K-12公立学校系统 目前为大约5100万儿童提供服务。建议的研究小组已经进行了大量的试点 和初步研究证明了这里提出的更大研究的可行性。其广泛目标是 进行第一次全国性的研究，具体的学校安全策略和政策及其潜在的影响， 美国K-12公立学校的校园枪击事件和学生纪律处分。 具体目标将完成：（1）确定是否总数和具体类型的安全策略， 政策与K-12公立学校故意枪击事件的发生有关;（2）确定是否 安全策略和策略的总数和具体类型与暂停相关， K-12公立学校的驱逐;（3）确定城市/非城市，经济和种族差异是否优先 在COVID-19大流行爆发之前和之后， 安全策略和政策的实施，暂停和驱逐以及故意枪击之间的关系 在K-12公立学校。这将通过一个具有全国代表性的、以人口为基础的案例来实现， 对照研究比较了数百所经历过校园枪击事件的学校， 使用流行病学发病率密度选择未发生此类事件的对照学校 在9年的时间内采样（n = 658）。病例数据将主要通过FEMA资助的海军确定 研究生学校K-12校园射击数据库。记录和公开报告的其他数据库 将校园枪击事件联系起来并加以协调。一所对照学校将从一所 国家教育统计中心的公立K-12学校的国家数据库，并与每个 基于州、城市/非城市和小学/初中/高中状况的个案学校。公开访问 学校安全计划和多个公开的二级数据来源将被用来确定 在每个案例学校开学前的学年内，案例学校和对照学校都制定了安全策略 射击事件。这些数据将与从教育部获得的关于学校停课和开除的数据相联系。 国家民权数据收集网站。结果将为学校的政策和做法提供新的信息，以减少 枪支暴力和促进健康的经验，为所有儿童在不同的K-12学校社区。