A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools

K-12 学校枪支暴力预防策略和政策的全国病例对照研究

• 批准号: 10399766
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 196.16万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-17 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10399766
• 关键词: Academy; Accounting; Adolescent; Aquilegia; COVID-19 pandemic; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cities; Civil Rights; Clinical; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Discipline; Education; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Ethics; Event; Exposure to; Family; Fright; Funding; Future; Graph; Grouping; Guns; Human Resources; Incidence; Knowledge; Laws; Link; Logistic Regressions; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Nature; Neighborhoods; Policies; Population Study; Procedures; Public Health; Publications; Random Allocation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Security; Security Measures; Series; Source; Statistical Data Interpretation; Structure; Students; Suspensions; System; Techniques; Testing; Text; Time; Violence; Work; active shooter; arm; base; case control; comparison group; demographics; density; design; detector; economic disparity; educational atmosphere; experience; gun violence; high school; improved; innovation; prevent; racial disparity; school district; school health; school shooting; school violence; socioeconomics; statistics; violence prevention; violent crime; web site

Project Summary/Abstract Firearm violence in K-12 schools is a persistent public health threat in the US. The negative impact of these tragedies on children and school staff is significant. School-wide efforts (e.g. metal detectors, active shooter drills, armed school personnel, and two dozen others) to improve safety and assuage fears are being widely implemented in public K-12 schools across the US. Yet, the effectiveness of most of these strategies at deterring school shootings has never been scientifically tested. Moreover, school districts may differentially use these strategies based on factors unrelated to school safety, including as a means to discipline students. These extraordinary gaps in evidence are particularly significant, as the U.S. K-12 public school system currently serves an estimated 51 million children. The proposed research team has conducted substantial pilot and preliminary research demonstrating the feasibility of the larger study proposed here. Its broad objective is to conduct the first nationwide study of specific school safety tactics and policies and their potential impact on school shootings and student disciplinary actions across K-12 public schools in the U.S. Given this, three specific aims will be completed: (1) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of intentional shootings in K-12 public schools; (2) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspension and expulsions in K-12 public schools; and (3) to identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exist in effect modification analyses of the relationships between implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and intentional shootings in K-12 public schools. This will be accomplished through a nationally representative, population-based, case- control study comparing hundreds of case schools that have experienced a school shooting and randomly selected control schools that have not experienced such an event using epidemiological incidence density sampling over a nine-year period (n = 658). Case data will be ascertained primarily via the FEMA-funded Naval Postgraduate School K–12 School Shooting database. Additional databases that record and publicly report school shooting incidents will be linked and harmonized. One control school will be randomly selected from a national database of public K–12 schools at the National Center for Education Statistics and matched to each case school based on state, urban/nonurban, and elementary/middle/high school status. Publicly accessible school safety plans and multiple publicly available secondary sources of data will be used to determine the safety strategies in place at both case and control schools during the school year before each case school’s shooting event. These data will be linked to data on school suspensions and expulsions, obtained from the national Civil Rights Data Collection website. Results will newly inform school policies and practices to reduce gun violence and promote healthy experiences for all children across disparate K-12 school communities.

项目摘要/摘要 K-12学校的枪支暴力是美国持续存在的公共卫生威胁。这些的负面影响 儿童和学校工作人员的悲剧是重大的。范围内的努力（例如金属探测器，活跃的射手 训练，武装学校人员和另外两打），以提高安全性和缓解的恐惧。 在美国的公立K-12学校实施。然而，大多数这些策略的有效性 阻止学校枪击事件从未经过科学测试。此外，学区的使用可能会有所不同 这些策略基于与学校安全无关的因素，包括作为纪律学生的手段。 这些非凡的证据差距尤其重要，因为美国K-12公立学校系统 目前为大约5100万儿童提供服务。拟议的研究小组已经进行了大量的飞行员 和初步研究表明，此处提出的较大研究的可行性。它的广泛目标是 对特定学校安全策略和政策进行首次全国范围内的研究及其潜在影响 鉴于这一点 具体目标将完成：（1）确定安全策略的总数和特定类型是否 政策与K-12公立学校的故意枪击事件有关； （2）确定是否 安全策略和政策的总数和特定类型与暂停和 K-12公立学校的驱逐； （3）在事先确定城市/非城市，经济和种族分布是否之前 在COVID-19的大流行的开始和之后，存在实际的关系分析 在实施安全策略和政策，停赛和驱逐以及故意枪击之间 在K-12公立学校。这将通过全国代表，基于人群的案件 - 对照研究比较了数百所经历了学校枪击并随机进行的案例学校 未经流行病学发病率密度经历过此类事件的选定控制学校 在九年内进行采样（n = 658）。案例数据将主要通过FEMA资助的海军确定 研究生院K -12学校射击数据库。记录和公开报告的其他数据库 学校枪击事件将被联系和协调。一所控制学校将随机从 国家教育统计中心公立K -12学校的国家数据库，与每个学校匹配 案例学校基于州，城市/非城市以及小学/中/高中的地位。公共访问 学校安全计划和多个公开可用的次要数据来源将用于确定 在每个案例学校之前的学年，在这两个案例中都制定了安全策略 射击事件。这些数据将链接到学校停学和驱逐的数据，从 国家民权数据收集网站。结果将新介绍学校政策和惯例以减少 枪支暴力并为各个不同K-12学校社区的所有儿童促进健康的经历。