Place Matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level

地点很重要 - 社区层面暴力的适应性解决方案

• 批准号: 10225422
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 54.49万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10225422
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Alcohols; Area; Buffers; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Cities; Cluster randomized trial; Communities; Crime; Developed Countries; Disease; Evaluation; Family; Family Violence; Firearms; Goals; Health; Home; Homicide; Individual; Infrastructure; Injury; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Link; Location; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Neighborhoods; Observational Study; Outcome; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Property; Public Health; Qualitative Evaluations; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Role; Schools; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Controls; Stress; Structure; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Trust; Violence; Youth; arm; base; built environment; community partnership; cost; cost effective; disability; evidence base; experience; gun violence; health disparity; health disparity populations; improved; innovation; intimate partner violence; mortality; novel; perceived stress; physical assault; population based; programs; public health relevance; remediation; scale up; school violence; treatment arm; urban setting; violence prevention; weapons; willingness; years of life lost; youth violence; youth violence prevention

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Project Title: Place matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level Violence is a leading health burden in the U.S. and globally, and plays a significant role in shaping population health and health disparities, given both immediate and long-term consequences.4 Remediation of abandoned buildings and vacant lots has been shown to be an effective and cost-beneficial solution to violence, especially firearm violence, in U.S. cities.9-11 This place-based blight remediation may be an effective population-based strategy for primary prevention of serious and lethal violence among youth but few studies have tested this approach among youth, specifically.12 Furthermore, it may have an impact on violence in the home or family violence, including child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV); but no studies have examined this effect, although research on other forms of neighborhood disorder and the nature of family violence suggest that it may have a substantial impact.15 The objective of the proposed project aims to conduct the first community-level randomized controlled trial aimed at blight remediation for youth and family violence prevention. Our long-term goal is to define and address the role of community infrastructure and its potential impact on multiple forms of violence, and to identify potential buffers that may be included in prevention efforts. Our central hypothesis is that blight remediation will provide fewer locations for illegal weapons storage but will also improve residential sense of community and social control, and reduce stress among residents. This proposal is feasible because it leverages our ongoing evaluation of blight reduction efforts by the City of New Orleans and ongoing neighborhood-based violence research by the PIs. To address the current research gaps and achieve our objectives, we propose to conduct a cluster randomized trial with 600 lots and two intervention arms (n=150 lots in each arm)—one without buildings/structures and greened and one greened and with buildings/structures treated—propensity score matched 1:1 to control lots (n=300) across four New Orleans communities experiencing high rates of violence. A qualitative evaluation will also be conducted to examine the personal impact of blight remediation strategies. Confirmation of our hypotheses that reduction of neighborhood blight impacts not only youth violence (including serious and lethal) but also child abuse and IPV will provide critical information for policy and prevention efforts. Furthermore, examination of potential structural buffers or deterrents will aid in scaling up and translation of this highly innovative community-level program as well as providing further evidence for the interaction between multiple neighborhood conditions on violence-related outcomes.

项目概要/摘要 项目名称：地点问题 - 社区层面暴力的适应性解决方案 暴力是美国和全球的主要健康负担，并发挥着重要作用 考虑到当前和长期的情况，在塑造人口健康和健康差异方面 后果。4 事实证明，废弃建筑物和空地的修复是一种有效的方法。 针对美国城市暴力，尤其是枪支暴力的有效且具有成本效益的解决方案。9-11 这种基于地点的枯萎病补救可能是一种有效的基于人群的小学策略 预防青少年中严重和致命的暴力，但很少有研究对此进行测试 12 此外，它可能对家庭暴力产生影响。 家庭暴力，包括虐待儿童和亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV)；但没有 研究已经检验了这种影响，尽管对其他形式的邻里混乱的研究 家庭暴力的性质表明它可能会产生重大影响。 15 目标 拟议项目的目的是进行第一个社区级随机对照试验 旨在针对青少年进行枯萎病补救和预防家庭暴力。我们的长期目标是 定义并解决社区基础设施的作用及其对多种因素的潜在影响 形式的暴力，并确定可纳入预防工作的潜在缓冲措施。我们的 中心假设是枯萎病修复将减少非法武器的存放地点 存储也将提高住宅的社区意识和社会控制感，并减少 居民之间的压力。该提案是可行的，因为它利用了我们正在进行的评估 新奥尔良市减少枯萎病的努力和持续的社区暴力 PI 的研究。为了解决当前的研究差距并实现我们的目标，我们 提议进行一项包含 600 个批次和两个干预组的整群随机试验（n=150） 每个臂中的地块）——一个没有建筑物/构筑物并且绿化，一个绿化并且有 处理的建筑物/构筑物——倾向得分与四个控制地块 (n=300) 进行 1:1 匹配 新奥尔良社区暴力事件发生率很高。还将进行定性评估 进行检查枯萎病补救策略对个人的影响。确认 我们的假设是，减少邻里疫病不仅会影响青少年暴力（包括 严重且致命），而且虐待儿童和 IPV 将为政策和政策提供重要信息。 预防工作。此外，检查潜在的结构性缓冲或威慑因素将有助于 在扩大和转化这一高度创新的社区级计划以及 为多个邻域条件之间的相互作用提供了进一步的证据 与暴力相关的结果。