Place Matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level

地点很重要 - 社区层面暴力的适应性解决方案

• 批准号: 10453437
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 54.49万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10453437
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Alcohols; Area; Buffers; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Cities; Cluster randomized trial; Communities; Crime; Developed Countries; Disease; Evaluation; Family; Family Violence; Firearms; Goals; Health; Home; Homicide; Individual; Infrastructure; Injury; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Link; Location; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Neighborhoods; Observational Study; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Pilot Projects; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Property; Public Health; Qualitative Evaluations; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Role; Schools; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Controls; Stress; Structure; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Trust; Violence; Youth; arm; base; built environment; community partnership; community violence; cost; cost effective; disability; evidence base; experience; gun violence; health disparity; health disparity populations; improved; innovation; intimate partner violence; mortality; novel; perceived stress; physical assault; population based; programs; public health relevance; remediation; scale up; school violence; treatment arm; urban setting; violence prevention; weapons; willingness; years of life lost; youth violence; youth violence prevention

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Project Title: Place matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level Violence is a leading health burden in the U.S. and globally, and plays a significant role in shaping population health and health disparities, given both immediate and long-term consequences.4 Remediation of abandoned buildings and vacant lots has been shown to be an effective and cost-beneficial solution to violence, especially firearm violence, in U.S. cities.9-11 This place-based blight remediation may be an effective population-based strategy for primary prevention of serious and lethal violence among youth but few studies have tested this approach among youth, specifically.12 Furthermore, it may have an impact on violence in the home or family violence, including child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV); but no studies have examined this effect, although research on other forms of neighborhood disorder and the nature of family violence suggest that it may have a substantial impact.15 The objective of the proposed project aims to conduct the first community-level randomized controlled trial aimed at blight remediation for youth and family violence prevention. Our long-term goal is to define and address the role of community infrastructure and its potential impact on multiple forms of violence, and to identify potential buffers that may be included in prevention efforts. Our central hypothesis is that blight remediation will provide fewer locations for illegal weapons storage but will also improve residential sense of community and social control, and reduce stress among residents. This proposal is feasible because it leverages our ongoing evaluation of blight reduction efforts by the City of New Orleans and ongoing neighborhood-based violence research by the PIs. To address the current research gaps and achieve our objectives, we propose to conduct a cluster randomized trial with 600 lots and two intervention arms (n=150 lots in each arm)—one without buildings/structures and greened and one greened and with buildings/structures treated—propensity score matched 1:1 to control lots (n=300) across four New Orleans communities experiencing high rates of violence. A qualitative evaluation will also be conducted to examine the personal impact of blight remediation strategies. Confirmation of our hypotheses that reduction of neighborhood blight impacts not only youth violence (including serious and lethal) but also child abuse and IPV will provide critical information for policy and prevention efforts. Furthermore, examination of potential structural buffers or deterrents will aid in scaling up and translation of this highly innovative community-level program as well as providing further evidence for the interaction between multiple neighborhood conditions on violence-related outcomes.

项目摘要 /摘要 项目名称：地点事项 - 社区层面暴力的适应性解决方案 暴力是美国和全球的主要健康烧伤，并且发挥了重要作用 在塑造人口健康和健康分布方面，立即和长期 后果。4修复废弃的建筑物和空置地块已被证明是 在美国城市中，有效且成本的暴力解决方案，尤其是枪支暴力。9-11 这种基于地方的光修复可能是基于人群的有效策略 预防年轻人严重和致命的暴力行为，但很少有研究对此进行了测试 特别是年轻人的方法。12此外，它可能会影响 家庭或家庭暴力，包括虐待儿童和亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）；但是不 研究已经检查了这种影响，尽管对其他形式的邻里障碍进行了研究 家庭暴力的性质表明它可能会产生重大影响。15目标 拟议的项目旨在进行第一个社区级随机对照试验 针对预防青年和家庭暴力的灯光修复。我们的长期目标是 定义和解决社区基础设施的作用及其对多重的潜在影响 暴力形式，并确定可能包括在预防工作中的潜在缓冲区。我们的 中心假设是蓝色补救将为非法武器提供更少的位置 存储，但还将改善居民的社区和社会控制感，并减少 居民的压力。该建议是可行的，因为它利用了我们正在进行的评估 新奥尔良市和持续基于社区的暴力的轻度减少努力 PIS的研究。为了解决当前的研究差距并实现我们的目标，我们 提议进行群集随机试验，其中600批和两个干预臂（n = 150 每只手臂上有很多） - 一个没有建筑物/结构，绿色，一个绿色，带有 经过处理的建筑物/结构 - 相匹配的1：1，以控制四个的地段（n = 300） 新奥尔良社区经历了较高的暴力率。定性评估也将 进行探讨光修复策略的个人影响。确认 我们的假设降低邻里光不仅会影响青年暴力（包括 严重和致命），但虐待儿童和IPV也将为政策提供关键信息， 预防努力。此外，对潜在结构缓冲液的检查或确定将有助于 在扩展和翻译这个高度创新的社区级别计划以及 提供进一步的证据证明多个邻里条件之间的相互作用 与暴力有关的结果。