Place Matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level

地点很重要 - 社区层面暴力的适应性解决方案

• 批准号: 9752646
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 55.55万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9752646
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Alcohols; Area; Buffers; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Cities; Cluster randomized trial; Communities; Crime; Developing Countries; Disease; Environment; Evaluation; Family; Family Violence; Firearms; Goals; Health; Home environment; Homicide; Individual; Infrastructure; Injury; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Link; Location; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Neighborhoods; Observational Study; Outcome; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Property; Public Health; Qualitative Evaluations; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Role; Schools; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Controls; Stress; Structure; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Trust; Violence; Youth; arm; base; built environment; community partnership; cost; cost effective; disability; evidence base; experience; gun violence; health disparity; improved; innovation; intimate partner violence; mortality; novel; perceived stress; physical assault; population based; population health; programs; public health relevance; remediation; scale up; school violence; treatment arm; violence prevention; weapons; willingness; years of life lost; youth violence; youth violence prevention

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Project Title: Place matters - Adaptable Solutions to Violence at the Community Level Violence is a leading health burden in the U.S. and globally, and plays a significant role in shaping population health and health disparities, given both immediate and long-term consequences.4 Remediation of abandoned buildings and vacant lots has been shown to be an effective and cost-beneficial solution to violence, especially firearm violence, in U.S. cities.9-11 This place-based blight remediation may be an effective population-based strategy for primary prevention of serious and lethal violence among youth but few studies have tested this approach among youth, specifically.12 Furthermore, it may have an impact on violence in the home or family violence, including child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV); but no studies have examined this effect, although research on other forms of neighborhood disorder and the nature of family violence suggest that it may have a substantial impact.15 The objective of the proposed project aims to conduct the first community-level randomized controlled trial aimed at blight remediation for youth and family violence prevention. Our long-term goal is to define and address the role of community infrastructure and its potential impact on multiple forms of violence, and to identify potential buffers that may be included in prevention efforts. Our central hypothesis is that blight remediation will provide fewer locations for illegal weapons storage but will also improve residential sense of community and social control, and reduce stress among residents. This proposal is feasible because it leverages our ongoing evaluation of blight reduction efforts by the City of New Orleans and ongoing neighborhood-based violence research by the PIs. To address the current research gaps and achieve our objectives, we propose to conduct a cluster randomized trial with 600 lots and two intervention arms (n=150 lots in each arm)—one without buildings/structures and greened and one greened and with buildings/structures treated—propensity score matched 1:1 to control lots (n=300) across four New Orleans communities experiencing high rates of violence. A qualitative evaluation will also be conducted to examine the personal impact of blight remediation strategies. Confirmation of our hypotheses that reduction of neighborhood blight impacts not only youth violence (including serious and lethal) but also child abuse and IPV will provide critical information for policy and prevention efforts. Furthermore, examination of potential structural buffers or deterrents will aid in scaling up and translation of this highly innovative community-level program as well as providing further evidence for the interaction between multiple neighborhood conditions on violence-related outcomes.

项目摘要/摘要 项目标题：地方问题--适用于社区一级的暴力解决办法 暴力是美国和全球的主要健康负担，并发挥着重要作用 在塑造人口健康和健康差距方面，考虑到当前和长期 4对废弃建筑物和空地的补救已被证明是一种 解决美国城市暴力，特别是枪支暴力的有效和成本效益问题。9-11 这种以地点为基础的疫病补救措施可能是一种有效的以种群为基础的策略 预防青年中的严重和致命暴力，但很少有研究对此进行检验 特别是在青年中的做法。12此外，它可能会对农村的暴力行为产生影响 家庭或家庭暴力，包括虐待儿童和亲密伴侣暴力；但没有 研究已经检验了这种影响，尽管对其他形式的邻里失调进行了研究 家庭暴力的性质表明，它可能会产生重大影响。 的目标是进行第一个社区层面的随机对照试验 旨在对预防青少年和家庭暴力的枯萎病进行补救。我们的长期目标是 定义和解决社区基础设施的作用及其对多个方面的潜在影响 在这方面，我们有必要对各种形式的暴力进行评估，并找出可纳入预防工作的潜在缓冲。我们的 核心假设是，疫病补救措施将减少非法武器的存放地点。 存储但也将提高居民的社区意识和社会控制感，并减少 居民中的压力。这项建议是可行的，因为它利用了我们正在进行的评估 新奥尔良市减少枯萎病的努力和持续的基于社区的暴力 私家侦探的研究。为了解决目前的研究差距并实现我们的目标，我们 建议进行一项整群随机试验，包括600批和两个干预臂(n=150 每个手臂上的地块)-一个没有建筑物/构筑物，并且是绿色的，另一个是绿色的 处理的建筑物/构筑物-倾向得分匹配1：1，以控制四个地段(n=300) 新奥尔良社区经历了高暴力事件。定性评估也将 调查疫病补救策略对个人的影响。确认 我们的假设是，减少邻里枯萎不仅影响青少年暴力(包括 严重和致命)，但虐待儿童和IPV将为政策和 预防工作。此外，审查潜在的结构性缓冲或威慑将有所帮助。 在扩大和翻译这一极具创新性的社区级计划以及 为多个邻近条件之间的相互作用提供了进一步的证据 与暴力有关的后果。