Firearm violence prevention through community-engaged vacant property reuse: Application of Busy Streets Theory in Detroit

项目摘要 空置的土地，如果不加以管理，就会成为社区的负担，造成犯罪和暴力的后果， 包括枪支暴力。在底特律，高空缺率可能会导致与枪支有关的凶杀案发生率， 是全国平均水平的7倍多。越来越多的证据表明， 改善空置土地是减少暴力犯罪和火器袭击的一项有希望的战略。研究人员 还表明，社区参与改善空地的努力可能是一个关键组成部分， 持续努力并改善减少暴力成果。然而，研究人员已经研究了一个相对狭窄的 一系列绿化策略，包括简单的地段整治（例如，清除垃圾和碎屑）和安装 小规模批量处理（例如，种植树木，安装分裂围栏），并在很大程度上没有探索 在这个过程中，居民参与的效果。此外，缺乏关于这些努力如何 特别是防止枪支暴力。这项研究的目的是研究枪支事件和伤害 发生在密歇根州底特律市的空地再利用项目现场附近， 把空置土地填海作生产用途。与当地土地再利用组织合作，我们将 从四类空地再利用中确定全市约300个项目地点，包括城市 农业、绿色基础设施、袖珍公园和地方建设。我们将检验一个假设， 重复使用是预防枪支暴力的有效策略，并比较不同类型的 空地再利用的枪支事件和伤害。我们还将研究社区参与程度如何 通过实地调查和案例研究， 成功的社区参与项目现场，减少了枪支事件。我们的具体目标是 拟议的研究是：1）检查不同类型的空地再利用项目对枪支总量的影响 随着时间的推移，犯罪事件和伤害; 2）研究社区参与空地的程度如何 再用项目可加强地段再用对枪械罪案的影响;及3）深入调查 研究12个空地再利用地点及其对枪支结果和社区参与的影响， 有效再利用的促进因素和障碍。

Project Summary Vacant lots, when left untended, become liabilities for communities with consequences for crime and violence, including firearm violence. In Detroit, high vacancies may contribute to rates of firearm-related homicide that are more than seven times the national average. A growing body of evidence suggests that remediating and improving vacant lots is a promising strategy to reduce violent crime and firearm assaults. Researchers have also shown that community engagement in efforts to improve vacant lots may be a critical component to sustain efforts and improve violence reduction outcomes. Yet, researchers have examined a relatively narrow range of greening strategies including simple lot remediation (e.g., removing trash & debris) and installation of small-scale lot treatments (e.g., planting trees, installing split rail fencing), and have largely not explored the effect of engaging residents in this process. Further, there is a lack of research on how these efforts may prevent firearm violence, specifically. The purpose of this study will be to examine firearm incidents and injury occurring near vacant lot reuse project sites in Detroit, Michigan where community-based organizations have reclaimed vacant lots for productive purposes. In partnership with local land reuse organizations, we will identify approximately 300 project sites across the city from four categories of vacant lot reuse, including urban agriculture, green infrastructure, pocket parks, and place-making. We will test the hypothesis that vacant lot reuse is an effective strategy for prevention of firearm violence and compare the effects of different types of vacant lot reuse on firearm incidents and injury. We will also examine how the level of community engagement may enhance the effects of vacant lot reuse on firearm violence through site surveys and case studies of successful community engaged project sites with a reduction in firearm incidents. Our specific aims for the proposed research are to 1) Examine the effect of different types of vacant lot reuse projects on total firearm crime incidents and injury over time; 2) Examine how the level of community engagement in the vacant lot reuse projects may enhance the effects of lot reuse on firearm crime incidents; and 3) Conduct in-depth case studies of 12 vacant lot reuse sites and their effect on firearm outcomes and community engagement to identify facilitating factors and barriers to effective reuse.