The neural basis of social interaction perception and its disruption in autism spectrum disorder

自闭症谱系障碍中社会互动感知的神经基础及其破坏

• 批准号: 10432589
• 负责人: Leyla Isik
• 金额: $ 26.09万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-11 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10432589
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Area; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Child; Clinical; Cognition; Diagnosis; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hostility; Human; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Light; Location; Measures; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Motion; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Perception; Persons; Population; Publishing; Research; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Social status; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Validation; Work; adult with autism spectrum disorder; affection; autism spectrum disorder; autistic; base; computerized tools; experimental study; improved; individual variation; individuals with autism spectrum disorder; innovation; machine learning method; movie; relating to nervous system; response; social; social communication; social deficits; social neuroscience; theories; trait

Project Summary Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized largely by deficits in social interaction and communication. However, despite these clear behavioral differences it has been difficult to isolate differences in high-level social brain regions in ASD. One important area that has been under-studied is the perception of others’ social interactions. Recognizing others’ social interactions—directed, contingent actions between two or more people— is a core area of human cognition. Humans quickly and effortlessly extract a wealth of information when viewing a social interaction and use this information to guide their own actions. Social interaction perception is notably disrupted in autism, but the brain basis of these deficits are still unknown. Recently a region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus in neurotypical (NT) adults has been identified that is selectively engaged when viewing others’ social interactions in both controlled stimuli and during natural movie viewing. Critically, social interaction selectivity in the brain has never been studied in ASD. The long-term goal of this research is to understand the brain basis of social interaction perception in controlled and naturalistic contexts, and its disruption in autism. Our overall objective is to identify differences in neural response to social interactions in high-functioning individuals with ASD using both controlled and movie stimuli. Our central hypotheses are that social interactions engage the same region of the pSTS in NT subjects in both controlled and naturalistic settings, and that this activity is significantly decreased in autism. Aim 1 will identify the brain regions that selectively respond to social interactions in NT subjects using both controlled and natural movie fMRI paradigms. Advanced machine learning methods will isolate the unique neural contribution of social interactions during movie viewing, allowing the first direct comparison between controlled stimuli, the status quo in social neuroscience, and natural movie stimuli, an exciting new paradigm that is more ecologically relevant, better drives neural responses, and opens the door to studies of new populations, including children and more impacted individuals with autism . Aim 2 will identify the brain regions that are selective to social interactions in ASD subjects in controlled and movie stimuli and how they differ from neurotypical brain responses identified in Aim 1. The proposed study will provide us with a direct comparison of the neural basis of social interaction perception in controlled and naturalistic settings, as well as a clear understanding of the neural basis of social interaction perception in ASD. This work will also pioneer the use of natural stimuli for studies of neurodevelopmental disorders, creating a new framework to understand the neural basis of high-level social perception in a range of clinical populations.

项目概要 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的主要特征是社交互动和沟通缺陷。 然而，尽管存在这些明显的行为差异，但很难隔离高层社会群体中的差异。 ASD 中的大脑区域。尚未得到充分研究的一个重要领域是对其他人社交的看法 互动。认识他人的社交互动——两个或更多人之间有针对性的、偶然的行动—— 是人类认知的核心领域。人类在观看时可以快速、轻松地提取大量信息 社交互动并使用这些信息来指导自己的行动。社交互动感知尤其重要 自闭症患者的大脑功能受到了破坏，但这些缺陷的大脑基础仍然未知。最近在后部的一个区域 神经典型（NT）成年人的颞上沟已被确定在观看时有选择性地参与 其他人在受控刺激和自然观影过程中的社交互动。最重要的是，社交互动 从未在自闭症谱系障碍中研究过大脑的选择性。这项研究的长期目标是了解 在受控和自然环境中社会互动感知的大脑基础及其对自闭症的破坏。 我们的总体目标是确定高功能人群对社交互动的神经反应差异 患有自闭症谱系障碍的人同时使用受控刺激和电影刺激。我们的中心假设是社交互动 在受控环境和自然环境中，NT 受试者都使用 pSTS 的同一区域，并且这 自闭症患者的活动明显减少。目标 1 将识别选择性响应社交的大脑区域 使用受控和自然电影功能磁共振成像范式在 NT 受试者中进行交互。先进的机器学习 方法将隔离电影观看期间社交互动的独特神经贡献，从而允许第一个 受控刺激、社会神经科学现状和自然电影刺激之间的直接比较， 一个令人兴奋的新范式，与生态更相关，更好地驱动神经反应，并打开了大门 对新人群的研究，包括儿童和受影响较大的自闭症患者 。目标 2 将确定 自闭症谱系障碍受试者在受控和电影刺激下对社交互动有选择性的大脑区域以及如何 它们与目标 1 中确定的神经典型大脑反应不同。拟议的研究将为我们提供直接的帮助 受控环境和自然环境中社会互动感知的神经基础的比较，以及 清楚地了解自闭症谱系障碍中社交互动感知的神经基础。这项工作也将开创 使用自然刺激来研究神经发育障碍，创建一个新的框架来理解 一系列临床人群中高级社会感知的神经基础。