Spiroplasma effects on Tsetse Flies

螺原体对采采蝇的影响

• 批准号: 10435557
• 负责人: Serap AKSOY
• 金额: $ 18.62万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-24 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10435557
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African; Agriculture; Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Arthropods; Bacteria; Blood; Candidate Disease Gene; Collaborations; Data; Development; Diptera; Disease; Disease Vectors; Dynein ATPase; Embryo; Encapsulated; Female; Fertility; Foundations; Frequencies; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Genes; Gland; Glossinidae; Gonadal structure; Immune; Immune response; Individual; Infection; Insecta; Knowledge; Laboratories; Larva; Lipids; Medical; Microbe; Midgut; Milk; Molecular; Mothers; Nutrient; Nutritional; Nutritional status; Oocytes; Ovulation; Parasites; Partner in relationship; Pathogenicity; Physiology; Population; Process; Proteins; Proteomics; Refractory; Reporting; Reproduction; Reproductive Physiology; Research; Resistance; Seminal fluid; Spermatogonia; Spiroplasma; Subgroup; Symbiosis; Testing; Testis; Translating; Trypanosoma; Tsetse Flies; Uganda; Universities; Uterus; Wigglesworthia; Wolbachia; base; comparative; design; disease transmission; endosymbiont; fitness; fly; human disease; interest; male; male fertility; mating behavior; novel; offspring; reproductive; reproductive fitness; socioeconomics; sperm cell; success; transcriptome; transcriptome sequencing; transmission process; vector; vector competence; vector control

Tsetse flies are prominent vectors of pathogenic African trypanosomes, which cause socio- economically devastating diseases. Tsetse reproduce by adenotrophic viviparity and depend upon nutrients produced by their mutualist endosymbiont, Wigglesworthia. In addition to Wigglesworthia, some tsetse species can harbor parasitic Wolbachia and facultative Sodalis and Spiroplasma. Our studies on Wolbachia indicate that infection with the bacterium affects male reproductive physiology and induces Cytoplasmic Incompatibility. Here, we address the molecular dialogue between tsetse and its newly discovered endosymbiont Spiroplasma, which in other arthropods causes various reproductive abnormalities. Spiroplasma infects only tsetse species within the Palpalis subgenus, including Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff), a prolific disease vector. Although its effects on tsetse reproduction are unknown, Spiroplasma induces enhanced resistance to trypanosome infection in the laboratory. We propose two research aims designed to dissect the impact of Spiroplasma infections on 1) male reproductive physiology related to mating success, 2) female fecundity, and 3) tsetse- Spiroplasma dialogue as it pertains to tsetse’s vector competence. Aim 1. Spiroplasma effects on male reproductive fitness. We hypothesize that Spiroplasma infections in male tsetse influence 1) MAG and testis gene expression, 2) spermatophore composition, and 3) sperm fitness. To test our hypothesis, we will 1) establish Spiroplasma infected and uninfected Gff lines, 2) perform comparative global gene expression analyses of gonads from Spi- versus Spi+ males, 3) determine spermatophore contents from the females mated with Spi- or Spi+ males, and 4) evaluate Spiroplasma effects on sperm fitness. Aim 2. Spiroplasma effects on parasite transmission dynamics. We hypothesize that Spiroplasma infections diminish tsetse’s vector competence 1) indirectly by a) inducing host immune responses or b) limiting nutrient availability for parasites, or 2) directly by expressing anti- trypanosomal products. To test our hypothesis, we will: 1) profile global gene expression from GffSpi- and GffSpi+ individuals, 2) determine nutritional status of trypanosome infected and uninfected GffSpi- and GffSpi+ individuals and 3) test cultivated Spiroplasma for trypanolytic activity. Enhanced knowledge about the tsetse-Spiroplasma symbiosis will provide a foundation to elucidate the mechanisms by which different reproductive endosymbionts influence host physiology. Our results will have translational implications, as reducing either tsetse fecundity or vector competence will directly reduce disease transmission. Finally, our results will be relevant and applicable to other medically and agriculturally important insects in which symbiotic microbes persist.

采采蝇是致病性非洲锥虫的重要载体，它会导致社会 经济上毁灭性的疾病。采采蝇通过腺营养胎生繁殖并依赖于 它们的共生内共生体 Wigglesworthia 产生的营养物质。除了维格斯沃西亚之外， 一些采采蝇物种可能含有寄生沃尔巴克氏体和兼性索达氏体和螺原体。我们的 对沃尔巴克氏体的研究表明，该细菌的感染会影响男性生殖生理机能 并诱导细胞质不相容。在这里，我们讨论采采蝇之间的分子对话 及其新发现的内共生体螺原体，它在其他节肢动物中引起各种 生殖异常。螺原体仅感染触须亚属内的采采蝇物种， 包括 Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff)，一种多产的疾病媒介。虽然它对采采蝇的影响 繁殖未知，螺原体诱导增强对锥虫感染的抵抗力 实验室。我们提出了两个研究目标，旨在剖析螺原体感染的影响 1) 与交配成功相关的雄性生殖生理学，2) 雌性繁殖力，以及 3) 采采蝇 螺原体对话与采采蝇的媒介能力有关。 目标 1.螺原体对男性生殖健康的影响。我们假设螺原体 感染对雄性采采蝇的影响 1) MAG 和睾丸基因表达，2) 精细胞 成分，以及 3) 精子健康度。为了检验我们的假设，我们将 1) 确定螺原体感染 和未感染的 Gff 系，2) 对来自 Spi-的性腺进行比较全局基因表达分析 与 Spi+ 雄性相比，3) 测定与 Spi- 或 Spi+ 交配的雌性的精子含量 男性，4) 评估螺原体对精子健康的影响。 目标 2。螺原体对寄生虫传播动力学的影响。我们假设 螺原体感染通过 a) 诱导宿主免疫间接降低采采蝇的载体能力 1) 反应或 b) 限制寄生虫的营养可用性，或 2) 直接通过表达抗- 锥虫产品。为了检验我们的假设，我们将：1）分析 GffSpi- 的全局基因表达 和 GffSpi+ 个体，2) 确定感染和未感染锥虫的 GffSpi- 的营养状况 和 GffSpi+ 个体，以及 3) 测试培养的螺原体的锥虫分解活性。 加深对采采蝇-螺原体共生的了解将为以下方面奠定基础： 阐明不同生殖内共生体影响宿主生理的机制。 我们的结果将具有转化意义，因为减少采采蝇繁殖力或媒介 能力将直接减少疾病传播。最后，我们的结果将是相关的并且 适用于共生微生物持续存在的其他医学和农业上重要的昆虫。