Reframing Firearm Injury Prevention Through Bystander Interventions for Youth Shooting Sports Participants

项目总结 枪伤和死亡率是美国1-19岁青少年的主要公共卫生问题。可更改风险 青少年枪支伤害和死亡的因素包括在家中不安全地储存枪支，之前 受害/攻击、药物使用和抑郁症状。由于令人担忧的政治格局和 缺乏研究资金，与枪支拥有者建立伙伴关系，以及制定和实施枪支安全培训方案 缺乏针对青少年枪伤的有效的、非政策性的预防性干预措施。旁观者 干预(BI)是一种植根于社会心理学理论的干预框架 有计划的行为(TPB)，具有针对个人和社区的已证明的有效性和有效性 行为改变。“重组”是一个由三个部分组成的、已经试点的干预措施，它使用BI框架和 TPB机制，以促进成人和青年社区关于枪支安全、BI和危害的规范改变 减少技术(例如，安全储存、减少使用致命手段、解决冲突)。认识到 当由可信的信使领导时，BI是最严格的，重新框架使用指导性的、点对点的和 与与枪支密切相关的社区组织合作的社交媒体战略 安全方面的努力。我们的社区合作伙伴，国家4-H射击运动计划是全国领先的 值得信赖的枪支安全信使。根据本论坛的研究目标二，资金选择 B，我们建议进行第一类混合有效性-实施试验，以评估重组框架的 在样本中改变枪伤预防规范、态度、意图和行为的有效性 50个4-H射击运动俱乐部社区(成年人和青少年)。我们建议：(1)开展一系列关键工作 线人采访了一个由20个主要利益相关者组成的顾问委员会(青少年和成人4-H射击运动 代表一系列社区和4-H经验的领导人)，以确保重组解决4-H- 可接受性、可行性和适当性的具体问题；(2a)评估重新制定框架的有效性， 与通常的培训相比，在改变个人和社区层面、近端和远端行为方面 在0、3和6个月时与预防火器伤害有关的结果；(2b)检查障碍和促进者 采用混合方法(定性和定量)实施重组干预； (2C)利用人口层面的数据，探索所有50个社区的伤害模式。意义：这是 该提案将通过支持油井和油井之间的协同伙伴关系来推进枪支伤害预防科学 成立了预防枪伤、自杀和暴力的研究人员和国家4-H射击运动 社区。与疾控中心的优先事项一致，该提案将为以下方面的最佳实践建立一个证据基础 易于实施的个人和社区层面的干预措施，促进青少年周围的安全行为 使用枪支和防止受伤。

PROJECT SUMMARY Firearm injury and mortality are a major public health concern for American youth age 1-19. Modifiable risk factors for youth firearm injury and death include unsafe storage of a firearm in the home, prior victimization/aggression, substance use, and depressive symptoms. Due to the fraught political landscape and lack of research funding, partnerships with firearm owners and firearm safety training programs to create and implement effective, non-policy-based preventive interventions for youth firearm injury are lacking. Bystander intervention (BI) is an intervention framework rooted in social psychological theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), with proven efficacy and effectiveness targeting both individual and community behavior change. “The Reframe” is a three-part, already-piloted intervention that uses the BI framework and TPB mechanisms to promote adult and youth community norms change about firearm safety, BI, and harm reduction techniques (e.g., safe storage, reducing access to lethal means, conflict resolution). Recognizing that BI is most rigorous when led by credible messengers, The Reframe uses instructional, peer-to-peer, and social-media strategies in conjunction with community organizations that are deeply connected to firearm safety efforts. Our community partner, the National 4-H Shooting Sports Program is a national leader and trusted messenger for firearm safety. In accordance with this RFA’s Research Objective Two, Funding Option B, we propose to conduct a Type I Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial to evaluate The Reframe’s effectiveness in changing firearm injury prevention norms, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors among a sample of fifty 4-H Shooting Sports Club communities (adults and youth). We propose to: (1) Conduct a series of key informant interviews with an advisory board of 20 key stakeholders (youth and adult 4-H Shooting Sports leaders representing a range of communities and 4-H experience) to ensure The Reframe addresses 4-H- specific issues of acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness; (2a) Evaluate The Reframe’s effectiveness, compared to usual training, in changing individual- and community-level, proximal and distal behavioral outcomes related to firearm injury prevention at 0, 3, and 6 months; (2b) Examine barriers and facilitators to The Reframe intervention’s implementation using a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach; (2c) Explore injury patterns among all 50 communities using population-level data. SIGNIFICANCE: This proposal will advance firearm injury prevention science by supporting a synergistic partnership between well- established firearm injury, suicide, and violence prevention researchers and the national 4-H Shooting Sports community. Consistent with CDC priorities, this proposal will build an evidence base for best practices for easy-to-implement individual- and community-level interventions that promote safe behaviors around youth firearm use and injury prevention.