RFA-CE-23-005, Firearm safety and injury prevention during early childhood: A parent engagement approach

摘要/概要 与枪支有关的伤害最近成为美国儿童死亡的主要原因，和儿童 5岁以下儿童是所有年龄组中受意外火器伤害影响最大的年龄组。 在5岁以下儿童中，34%的枪支死亡是无意的， 3我们认为，目前的方法无法防止意外火器伤害， 儿童早期死亡率有3个主要原因：1）父母对枪支风险和伤害的心理模型不匹配 与专家建议相比的预防措施; 2）早期枪支安全做法的障碍 儿童时期;以及3）需要精确的信息传递来解决这些问题，并由受信任的 使者这项拟议研究的目的是通过让年轻人的父母参与， 儿童（0至5岁），采用混合方法，以社区为基础的方法进行干预发展 试点实施。具体而言，为了响应NOFO RFA-CE-23-005，通报与枪支有关的暴力行为， 和伤害预防战略（资助方案B），我们的目标是：首先，进行焦点小组和访谈 与家长和专家进行了一项全国性的调查，以更好地了解家长的心理模式， 与专家关于枪支安全做法的意见不一致（包括安全储存行为和 与儿童环境中的其他人沟通）。我们将使用定量和定性数据， 检查和完善一个理论知情的概念模型的父母枪支安全的做法，并确定 与幼儿期父母枪支安全心理模型相关的可修改因素;第二，使用 研究结果，以制定有效的干预战略、信息和材料，消除枪支障碍 在幼儿期的安全和促进枪支安全行为和沟通;第三，让父母参与 作为受信任的同伴信使，利用父母- 赋权技术。我们将评估信息的接受度为枪支拥有父母与年轻的 采用病例对照设计，对干预的过程和结果进行评价， 参与者提供的定性和定量数据，为干预措施的完善提供信息。这一发现 该项目将利用父母赋权模式，为促进有效的枪支安全做法提供信息， 带着孩子的父母

Abstract / Summary Firearm-related injuries recently became the leading cause of death among children in the U.S., and children under 5 years of age are among the largest age groups of all ages impacted by unintentional firearm injury. Thirty-four percent of gun deaths among children under age 5 were unintentional, compared with less than 2% of adults ages 20 and over.3 We posit that current approaches fail to prevent unintentional firearm injury and mortality in early childhood for 3 key reasons: 1) mismatch in parents’ mental models of firearm risk and injury prevention compared to expert recommendations; 2) barriers to safe firearm practices specific to the early childhood period; and 3) need for precision messaging that addresses these issues and is delivered by trusted messengers. The purpose of the proposed study is to address these gaps by engaging parents of young children (ages 0 to 5 years) with a mixed-method, community-based approach for intervention development and pilot implementation. Specifically, in response to NOFO RFA-CE-23-005 to inform firearm-related violence and injury prevention strategies (funding option B), our Aims are to: First, conduct focus groups and interviews with parents and experts and a national survey to better understand parents’ mental models and identify areas of mismatch with expert views regarding firearm safety practices (including safe storage behavior and communication with others in the child’s environment). We will use both quantitative and qualitative data to examine and refine a theory-informed conceptual model of parent firearm safety practices and identify modifiable factors related to parent mental models of firearm safety in early childhood; Second, use the findings to develop effective intervention strategies, messages, and materials to address barriers to firearm safety during early childhood and promote firearm safety behavior and communication; Third, engage parents as trusted peer messengers to deliver a pilot version of the firearm safety intervention using parent- empowerment techniques. We will evaluate receptivity of messages for firearm-owning parents with young children, conduct process and outcome evaluation of the intervention using a case-control design and collect both qualitative and quantitative data from participants to inform intervention refinement. The findings from this project will inform promotion of effective firearm safety practices using a parent-empowerment model among parents with young children.