RFA-CE-23-005, Firearm safety and injury prevention during early childhood: A parent engagement approach

摘要/摘要 与枪支有关的伤害最近成为美国儿童死亡的主要原因，儿童 5岁以下是所有年龄段中受意外枪伤影响最大的年龄组。 在5岁以下儿童中，34%的枪击死亡是无意的，相比之下，这一比例不到2% 20岁及以上的成年人。3我们假设，目前的方法无法防止意外的枪伤和 儿童早期死亡率的三个关键原因：1)父母对枪支风险和伤害的心理模型不匹配 预防与专家建议的比较；2)早期特定的安全枪械做法的障碍 童年时期；以及3)需要解决这些问题的精确消息传递，并由Trusted提供 信使。拟议研究的目的是通过让年幼的父母参与来解决这些差距。 采用以社区为基础的混合方法进行干预发展的儿童(0至5岁) 并试点实施。具体地说，为了回应NOFO RFA-CE-23-005通知与枪支有关的暴力行为 和伤害预防战略(资助备选方案B)，我们的目标是：第一，开展焦点小组和访谈 与家长和专家以及一项全国性调查，以更好地了解父母的心理模型并确定领域 与专家关于枪支安全做法的意见不匹配(包括安全储存行为和 在孩子所处的环境中与他人交流)。我们将使用定量和定性数据来 检查和改进母公司枪支安全实践的理论概念模型，并确定 儿童早期父母枪支安全心理模型的可修改因素；第二，使用 制定有效的干预策略、信息和材料以解决枪支障碍的研究结果 儿童早期安全，促进枪支安全行为和交流；第三，让家长参与 作为受信任的对等信使，使用家长-提供枪支安全干预的试点版本- 赋权技术。我们将评估拥有枪支的父母对年轻父母信息的接受度 儿童，使用病例对照设计进行干预过程和结果评估并收集 来自参与者的定性和定量数据，为干预改进提供信息。由此得出的结论是 该项目将利用家长赋权模式，宣传有效的枪支安全做法 带着年幼子女的父母。

Abstract / Summary Firearm-related injuries recently became the leading cause of death among children in the U.S., and children under 5 years of age are among the largest age groups of all ages impacted by unintentional firearm injury. Thirty-four percent of gun deaths among children under age 5 were unintentional, compared with less than 2% of adults ages 20 and over.3 We posit that current approaches fail to prevent unintentional firearm injury and mortality in early childhood for 3 key reasons: 1) mismatch in parents’ mental models of firearm risk and injury prevention compared to expert recommendations; 2) barriers to safe firearm practices specific to the early childhood period; and 3) need for precision messaging that addresses these issues and is delivered by trusted messengers. The purpose of the proposed study is to address these gaps by engaging parents of young children (ages 0 to 5 years) with a mixed-method, community-based approach for intervention development and pilot implementation. Specifically, in response to NOFO RFA-CE-23-005 to inform firearm-related violence and injury prevention strategies (funding option B), our Aims are to: First, conduct focus groups and interviews with parents and experts and a national survey to better understand parents’ mental models and identify areas of mismatch with expert views regarding firearm safety practices (including safe storage behavior and communication with others in the child’s environment). We will use both quantitative and qualitative data to examine and refine a theory-informed conceptual model of parent firearm safety practices and identify modifiable factors related to parent mental models of firearm safety in early childhood; Second, use the findings to develop effective intervention strategies, messages, and materials to address barriers to firearm safety during early childhood and promote firearm safety behavior and communication; Third, engage parents as trusted peer messengers to deliver a pilot version of the firearm safety intervention using parent- empowerment techniques. We will evaluate receptivity of messages for firearm-owning parents with young children, conduct process and outcome evaluation of the intervention using a case-control design and collect both qualitative and quantitative data from participants to inform intervention refinement. The findings from this project will inform promotion of effective firearm safety practices using a parent-empowerment model among parents with young children.