Connecting Alcohol Myopia to Real-World Risk Behaviors through Cognitive Ecological Momentary Assessment

通过认知生态瞬时评估将酒精近视与现实世界的风险行为联系起来

• 批准号: 10452909
• 负责人: Anna E. Jaffe
• 金额: $ 20.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-07 至 2023-06-05
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10452909
• 关键词: Acute; Adopted; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Research; Biosensor; Cellular Phone; Cessation of life; Cognitive; Criminal Justice; Cues; Data; Development; Distant; Dose; Driving While Intoxicated; Drunk driving; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Evaluation; Exclusion; Feedback; Foundations; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heavy Drinking; Impaired cognition; Individual; Injury; Intelligence; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Lead; Link; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Methodology; Mission; Modeling; Myopia; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Placebo Effect; Process; Productivity; Property; Psychometrics; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Societies; Testing; Time; Unsafe Sex; Victimization; Workplace; Wrist; acceptability and feasibility; adaptive intervention; aged; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol myopia; alcohol prevention; alcohol related consequences; alcohol risk; base; behavioral response; cognitive function; cognitive task; cognitive testing; cost; dosage; drinking; heavy drinking young adult; heuristics; innovation; prototype; sexual risk taking; smartphone based assessment; theories; therapy development; tool; unintended pregnancy; unsafe driving; usability; user-friendly; young adult

ABSTRACT Young adults’ heavy drinking represents a substantial public health problem, in part because alcohol use is associated with risk behaviors that can have both short- and long-term consequences for individuals and society as a whole. Alcohol myopia theory (AMT) has emerged as a prominent framework to understand why acute alcohol intoxication is associated with increased likelihood of risk behaviors, such as aggression, unprotected sex, and unsafe driving. AMT asserts that alcohol narrows one’s attention, reducing the range of external and internal cues that one can process, increasing the focus on “here-and-now” central information at the cost of longer-term, peripheral information. This attentional narrowing is theorized to limit the processing of cues that may otherwise inhibit risk behaviors, as costs and consequences tend to be more peripheral or temporally distant than immediate rewards. Although AMT is supported by laboratory research, the connection between AMT and real-world risk-taking remains unclear. Clarifying whether myopia is indeed a mechanism will be an important step toward dynamic theory-based interventions targeting alcohol-related risk behaviors. To advance theory and inform intervention development, the current study will (1) adapt laboratory-based cognitive tasks to assess spatial and temporal alcohol myopia for smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA), (2) evaluate feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity of the adapted smartphone tasks in laboratory and EMA settings, and (3) explore AMT within EMA by testing myopia as a mediator of the intoxication-risk behavior association. To achieve these aims, interviews will be conducted with up to 30 young adults to inform iterative improvements that maximize usability of myopia tasks on smartphones. Then, 100 heavy drinking young adults will complete a laboratory session involving alcohol administration to test the adapted myopia tasks within a controlled setting. These participants will also complete eight consecutive weekends of EMA to assess spatial and temporal myopia and risk behaviors in their natural environments, while wearing a wrist-based transdermal alcohol biosensor to objectively and unobtrusively assess intoxication levels. By integrating laboratory and EMA findings, this study will yield tasks that allow for a comprehensive understanding of alcohol myopia, including within- and between-person variability in myopia, dose-dependent effects of AMT within natural drinking episodes, and associations with real-world risk behaviors. The rigorous development and testing of cognitive EMA for myopia will pave the way for new just-in-time adaptive interventions targeting myopia to reduce risk behaviors when drinking. By using innovative tools and methodologies to advance behavioral research and interventions, this proposal is consistent with the NIAAA mission and strategic goals to identify patterns and strategies to prevent alcohol-related consequences.

摘要 年轻人大量饮酒是一个重大的公共健康问题，部分原因是酒精的使用 与风险行为相关，这种行为可能会对个人和 社会作为一个整体。酒精近视理论(AMT)已经成为解释为什么 急性酒精中毒与危险行为的可能性增加有关，如攻击性， 无保护措施的性行为，以及不安全的驾驶。AMT声称酒精会缩小一个人的注意力，减少 一个人可以处理的外部和内部提示，在以下位置增加了对“此时此地”中心信息的关注 较长期、外围信息的成本。这种注意范围的缩小被认为是为了限制加工 暗示，否则可能会抑制危险行为，因为成本和后果往往更微不足道或 比起眼前的回报，这在时间上是遥远的。尽管AMT得到了实验室研究的支持，但这种联系 AMT和现实世界的冒险行为之间的关系仍不明朗。澄清近视是否真的是一种机制 将是朝着针对酒精相关危险行为的基于理论的动态干预迈出的重要一步。 为了推进理论并为干预发展提供信息，本研究将(1)采用以实验室为基础的方法 基于智能手机的生态瞬间评估空间和时间酒精近视的认知任务 评估(EMA)，(2)评估适应的智能手机的可行性、可接受性、可靠性和有效性 在实验室和EMA环境中的任务，以及(3)通过测试近视作为调节因素来探索EMA中的AMT 醉酒-危险行为关联。为了实现这些目标，将对多达30名年轻人进行访谈 成人告知迭代改进，以最大限度地提高智能手机上近视任务的可用性。那么，100 大量饮酒的年轻人将完成涉及酒精管理的实验室会议，以测试 在受控环境中适应近视任务。这些参与者还将连续完成八个 EMA的周末评估其自然环境中的时空近视和危险行为， 同时佩戴腕部透皮酒精生物传感器，以客观和不引人注目地评估醉酒 级别。通过整合实验室和EMA的发现，这项研究将产生允许全面 对酒精近视的理解，包括近视的人内和人与人之间的变异性，剂量依赖 AMT在自然饮酒事件中的影响，以及与现实世界危险行为的关联。严谨的 近视认知EMA的开发和测试将为新的即时适应铺平道路 针对近视的干预措施，以减少饮酒时的危险行为。通过使用创新工具和 推进行为研究和干预的方法论，这一建议与NIAAA一致 确定预防酒精相关后果的模式和战略的使命和战略目标。