Aging and the mitochondrial response to exercise training, measured by noninvasive 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy - sIRB supplment

项目负责人/主要研究者（最后一名、第一名、中间名）： 项目摘要 骨骼肌线粒体氧化能力的降低与衰老有关- 心肺功能、身体功能和心脏代谢健康的相关下降。虽然 老年人的运动训练增加了线粒体的能力，几乎所有的数据都是以 组内的平均响应。然而，在群体内，个体间的差异很大， 应答两个具体的问题仍然存在的意义和影响，运动引起的 线粒体能力的变化。1)运动是否能同样改善老年人和老年人的线粒体能力？ 年轻的成年人？2)骨骼肌中与改善相关的分子特征是什么 在老年人和年轻人的线粒体容量中的作用我们将通过以下方式解决这些主要的知识缺口： 客观评估体内线粒体容量对运动的反应谱，调查 运动反应的潜在分子调节，以及线粒体反应和分子调节之间的关系。 临床相关结果的因素，如运动引起的心肺适应性改善 （VO2max）。美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助的身体活动联盟（MoTrPAC）基金 在12周的有氧和有氧运动之前和之后， 阻力运动训练在健康成人跨越成人年龄跨度。这项辅助研究将协同 与MoTrPAC，并将增加测量骨骼肌的线粒体能力，通过非侵入性 420名不同年龄段的人在训练前后的31 P-MRS（31 P-MRS） 范围（18至60+）。目的1是评估运动训练对线粒体容量反应的差异 在有氧和阻力训练之间。目的2是鉴定出一种分子转换器， 运动诱导的线粒体能力。主要假设是，一部分人不会 无论何种方式，运动训练后线粒体能力提高;年龄本身与此无关 与线粒体能力反应有关;线粒体能力的更大改善将与 类似地，年轻人和老年人的心肺适应性得到了更大的改善; 与阻力训练相比，有氧训练的线粒体能力反应更大， 不同年龄组的有氧阻力差异相似。该项目的影响是，它将 利用高通量“组学”技术和交通部提供的演习研究， 线粒体能力反应的变化与身体健康益处有关的机制 老年人的活动。 OMB编号0925-0001/0002（2018年1月批准至2020年3月31日修订版）页码续页格式页码

Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle): Project Summary Reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle has been implicated in aging- related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical functioning, and cardiometabolic health. Although exercise training in older adults increases mitochondrial capacity, virtually all of the data is reported in terms of average responses within groups. Yet within groups, there is enormous inter-individual variation in these responses. Two specific questions remain regarding the significance and implications of exercise-induced changes in mitochondrial capacity. 1) Does exercise improve mitochondrial capacity similarly in older and younger adults? 2) What are the molecular signatures within skeletal muscle that associate with improvements in mitochondrial capacity in older and younger adults? We will address these major gaps in knowledge by objectively assessing the spectrum of mitochondrial capacity responses to exercise in vivo, investigating the underlying molecular regulation of exercise responses, and relating the mitochondrial responses and molecular factors to clinically-relevant outcomes such as exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max). The NIH-funded Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) funds collection of comprehensive molecular signatures from biospecimens before and after 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise training in healthy adults spanning the adult age span. This ancillary study will synergize with MoTrPAC and will add measurements of mitochondrial capacity of the skeletal muscle via non-invasive 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) before and after training in 420 individuals across a wide age range (18 to 60+). Aim 1 is to assess differences in the mitochondrial capacity response to exercise training across the agespan and between aerobic and resistance training. Aim 2 is to identify molecular transducers of mitochondrial capacity induced by exercise. Primary hypotheses are that a proportion of individuals will not improve mitochondrial capacity following exercise training regardless of modality; age per se will not correlate with mitochondrial capacity responses; that greater improvements in mitochondrial capacity will associate similarly with greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in younger and older adults; and that mitochondrial capacity responses will be greater with aerobic training compared to resistance training but aerobic-resistance differences will be similar across age groups. The impact of the project is that it will leverage the high-throughput `omics' technologies and exercise studies provided by MoTrPAC to shed light on mechanisms underlying the variation in mitochondrial capacity responses linked to health benefits of physical activity in older adults. OMB No. 0925-0001/0002 (Rev. 01/18 Approved Through 03/31/2020) Page Continuation Format Page