SES-Related Disparities in Early Language Development and Child Risk for Developmental Language Disorder

项目摘要/摘要 这项研究的目标是在年轻、低收入和低收入人群中确定发育性语言障碍(DLD)的早期风险。 并确定照顾者和儿童的慢性压力和互动质量如何相互作用 扰乱了这些弱势儿童的语言发育。这项研究旨在解决不同性别之间的差异 幼儿中的DLD比率，低收入儿童受到的影响不成比例(Norbury等人，2017年)。 长期目标是确定早期家庭背景和疾病状况的途径 贫困扰乱了低收入儿童的早期语言轨迹，并导致了更高的 DLD。拟议的纵向研究涉及关于低收入二人组的三个具体目标：(1) 确定照顾者压力是否以及在多大程度上影响他们年幼孩子的语言轨迹和 54个月时的DLD状况；(2)确定儿童的生理压力对他们的 54个月时的早期语言轨迹和DLD状态，并确定它是否是 照顾者压力对这些结果的影响；以及(3)确定照顾者压力、儿童压力、 和照顾者-儿童互动对儿童早期语言轨迹和DLD状态的影响 月份。研究程序涉及确定320名低收入母亲及其6至11个月大的婴儿 使用大型城市医院的医疗记录的儿童；符合条件的双亲将居住在低于或低于标准的家庭中 达到联邦贫困线的200%。测量每年收集三次(一次研究访问，两次活体实验 观察)，以全面描绘家庭过程和经历、照顾者与儿童的互动质量、 照顾者压力和压力生理学，儿童压力生理学和儿童的语言轨迹直到54 月份。最初的两个研究目标是使用多层次增长模型，包括照顾者和儿童 压力分别作为时变预测因子。第三个研究目标使用多水平通径分析来检验 儿童和照顾者压力、照顾者-儿童互动和儿童语言之间的相互作用 54个月时的轨迹和DLD状态。

Project Summary/Abstract The goal of this study is to identify early risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) among young, low- income children, and to determine how caregiver and child chronic stress and interaction quality interact to disrupt language growth among these vulnerable children. The study is designed to address disparities in the rate of DLD among young children, with low-income children disproportionately affected (Norbury et al., 2017). The long-term objective is to identify pathways through which early family contexts and the conditions of poverty disrupt early language trajectories among low-income children and contribute to heightened rates of DLD. The proposed longitudinal study addresses three specific aims regarding low-income dyads: (1) to identify whether and to what extent caregiver stress affects their young children’s language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months; (2) to identify the extent to which children’s physiological stress contributes to their early language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months, and determine whether it is a key mediator of caregiver stress on these outcomes; and (3) to determine the interplay among caregiver stress, child stress, and caregiver-child interactions for their effects on children’s early language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months. Study procedures involve ascertainment of 320 low-income mothers and their 6- to 11-month-old children using medical records from a large urban hospital; eligible dyads will reside in households at or below 200% of the federal poverty level. Measurements are collected thrice annually (one study visit, two in vivo observations) to comprehensively map family processes and experiences, caregiver-child interaction quality, caregiver stress and stress physiology, child stress physiology, and children’s linguistic trajectories until 54 months. The initial two study aims are addressed using multi-level growth models, with caregiver and child stress, respectively, as time-varying predictors. The third study aim uses multilevel path analyses to examine the interplay among child and caregiver stress, caregiver-child interactions, and children’s language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months.