SES-Related Disparities in Early Language Development and Child Risk for Developmental Language Disorder

项目总结/摘要 这项研究的目的是确定年轻，低收入人群中发育性语言障碍（DLD）的早期风险。 收入儿童，并确定照顾者和儿童慢性压力和互动质量如何相互作用， 阻碍这些弱势儿童的语言发展。这项研究旨在解决 幼儿中DLD的发病率，低收入儿童受影响不成比例（Norbury等人，2017年）。 长期目标是确定早期家庭环境和儿童的条件 贫困破坏了低收入儿童的早期语言轨迹，并导致儿童的 DLD。拟议的纵向研究针对低收入二元组的三个具体目标：（1） 确定照顾者的压力是否以及在多大程度上影响其幼儿的语言轨迹， 54个月时的DLD状态;（2）确定儿童的生理压力在多大程度上有助于他们的 早期语言轨迹和54个月时的DLD状态，并确定它是否是 照顾者压力对这些结果;和（3）确定照顾者压力，儿童压力， 以及儿童与儿童之间的互动对儿童早期语言轨迹和54岁时DLD状态的影响 个月研究程序包括确定320名低收入母亲及其6至11个月大的婴儿 使用大型城市医院医疗记录的儿童;符合条件的二人组将居住在 是联邦贫困线的200%每年收集三次测量结果（一次研究访视，两次体内访视 观察），以全面映射家庭过程和经验，幼儿互动质量， 照顾者压力和压力生理学，儿童压力生理学，以及儿童的语言轨迹，直到54岁 个月最初的两个研究目标是解决使用多层次的增长模型，与照顾者和儿童 应力，分别作为随时间变化的预测。第三个研究目的是运用多水平路径分析来检验 儿童和照顾者的压力，父母与儿童的互动和儿童的语言之间的相互作用 54个月时的轨迹和DLD状态。

Project Summary/Abstract The goal of this study is to identify early risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) among young, low- income children, and to determine how caregiver and child chronic stress and interaction quality interact to disrupt language growth among these vulnerable children. The study is designed to address disparities in the rate of DLD among young children, with low-income children disproportionately affected (Norbury et al., 2017). The long-term objective is to identify pathways through which early family contexts and the conditions of poverty disrupt early language trajectories among low-income children and contribute to heightened rates of DLD. The proposed longitudinal study addresses three specific aims regarding low-income dyads: (1) to identify whether and to what extent caregiver stress affects their young children’s language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months; (2) to identify the extent to which children’s physiological stress contributes to their early language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months, and determine whether it is a key mediator of caregiver stress on these outcomes; and (3) to determine the interplay among caregiver stress, child stress, and caregiver-child interactions for their effects on children’s early language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months. Study procedures involve ascertainment of 320 low-income mothers and their 6- to 11-month-old children using medical records from a large urban hospital; eligible dyads will reside in households at or below 200% of the federal poverty level. Measurements are collected thrice annually (one study visit, two in vivo observations) to comprehensively map family processes and experiences, caregiver-child interaction quality, caregiver stress and stress physiology, child stress physiology, and children’s linguistic trajectories until 54 months. The initial two study aims are addressed using multi-level growth models, with caregiver and child stress, respectively, as time-varying predictors. The third study aim uses multilevel path analyses to examine the interplay among child and caregiver stress, caregiver-child interactions, and children’s language trajectories and DLD status at 54 months.