Small Talk: Administrative Supplement for Tackling Acquisition of Language in Kids (TALK) Initiative

项目总结/摘要 解决儿童语言习得（TALK）倡议的行政补充 本研究的目的是确定晚语言出现（LLE）的普遍性和特点 在低收入家庭抚养的幼儿（约24至27个月）中，并确定 贫困状况导致这些弱势儿童的LLE状况。该研究使用收集的数据 在父母补助金的前五个时间点，旨在解决 幼儿发展性语言障碍（DLD），低收入儿童不成比例 受影响的（Norbury等人，2017年）的报告。长期目标是确定早期家庭 贫困的环境和条件破坏了低收入儿童的早期语言轨迹， 有助于提高LLE（TALK补充的重点）和DLD的发病率。建议纵向 一项研究针对现有的220名2岁低社会经济地位儿童的纵向样本提出了三个具体目标 儿童：（1）确定LLE的患病率和家庭压力模型中的理论领域， 区分LLE与非LLE儿童;（2）检查~6岁的早期语言轨迹 对于LLE患者和无LLE患者，为约27个月至约27个月;以及（3）确定通过以下途径 贫困的生态破坏了早期的语言轨迹，并有助于LLE。具体来说，我们将 评估家庭压力模型，以确定代表突出条件的五个领域之间的关系 贫困（经济困难、经济压力、父母心理困扰、人际关系 问题，和中断的养育）及其调解和调节作用，破坏儿童的早期 语言轨迹和导致LLE状态。在母研究中，测量值收集两次 每年全面绘制家庭过程和经验，亲子互动质量， 照顾者压力和压力生理学，儿童压力生理学，以及儿童的语言轨迹。与此 作为补充，我们能够将重点放在LLE和贫困条件对幼儿生活的影响上。 LLE的易感性，一组人的LLE超过正常患病率估计， 基于人口的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Administrative Supplement for Tackling Acquisition of Language in Kids (TALK) Initiative The goal of this study is to identify prevalence and characteristics of late language emergence (LLE) among young children (~24 to 27 months of age) reared in low-income homes, and to determine how the conditions of poverty contribute to LLE status among these vulnerable children. The study uses data collected across the first five time-points of a parent grant that is designed to address disparities in the rate of developmental language disorder (DLD) among young children, with low-income children disproportionately affected (Norbury et al., 2017). The long-term objective is to identify pathways through which early family contexts and the conditions of poverty disrupt early language trajectories among low-income children and contribute to heightened rates of LLE (the focus of the TALK supplement) and DLD. The proposed longitudinal study addresses three specific aims specific to an existing longitudinal sample of 220 low-SES 2-year-old children: (1) to identify the prevalence of LLE and the theorized domains in the Family Stress Model that differentiate children with LLE from those without LLE; (2) to examine early language trajectories from ~6 months to ~27 months for those with LLE and those without LLE; and (3) to identify the pathways through which the ecology of poverty disrupts early language trajectories and contributes to LLE. Specifically, we will evaluate the Family Stress Model to identify the relations among five domains representing salient conditions of poverty (economic hardship, economic pressure, parent psychological distress, interpersonal relationship problems, and disrupted parenting) and their mediating and moderating roles in disrupting children's early language trajectories and leading to LLE status. In the parent study, measurements were collected twice annually to comprehensively map family processes and experiences, caregiver-child interaction quality, caregiver stress and stress physiology, child stress physiology, and children's linguistic trajectories. With this supplement, we are able to embed a focus on LLE and the influence of poverty conditions on young children's susceptibility for LLE, a group for whom LLE exceeds normative prevalence estimates in unselected population-based studies.