SES-Related Disparities in Early Language Development and Child Risk for Developmental Language Disorder

项目摘要/摘要 这项研究的目的是了解新冠肺炎危机以及相关变化在 照顾者的痛苦和与婴儿的互动，会影响12岁以上婴儿的语言发育- 一个月的期间。我们建议收集反复测量的调查和录像 来自闲聊照顾者-婴儿二人组的一个子样本(n=100)的交互数据 新冠肺炎大流行年。闲聊正在积极招聘和面试低收入者 在城市地区研究儿童发育风险预测因素的照顾者-婴儿二人组 语言障碍(DLD)增加54个月。DLD在SES低的儿童中尤其高 (Norbury等人，2016)。然而，对于DLD风险，也有同样重要的不平等 低社会地位儿童(Schwab&Lew-Williams，2016)，这可能会因 新冠肺炎大流行。通过这个补充项目，我们的目标是在一年内评估 新冠肺炎大流行：(1)新冠肺炎相关的压力和资源的形式和频率 低收入婴儿照顾者的需求；(2)照顾者与婴儿与初级保健机构的互动 和次级照顾者之间的关系；以及(3)新冠肺炎与 压力源、照顾者苦恼和获得资源会影响照料者与婴儿的互动 婴幼儿语言发育。我们将使用基于远程智能手机的技术来聚集- 在此期间多次进行照顾者与婴儿互动的直线调查数据和视频记录 一年期。这一补充赠款的创新方面包括收集多个 照顾者-婴儿互动，包括二级照顾者-婴儿互动，并使用SMART- 电话技术，在经常被遗弃的弱势群体中进行家庭评估 来自数字数据收集的研究，包括新冠肺炎研究(Lourenco&Tasimi，2020年)。我们 将使用多水平随机效应模型来评估照顾者痛苦之间的关联， 照顾者-婴儿互动的特点(包括语言使用和照看质量)，以及 婴幼儿语言发育。我们将与主要利益攸关方共享此信息，以告知 制定方案和政策，以满足低收入家庭的迫切需要 婴儿。我们还将发布快速、开放获取的研究文章和政策摘要，以供共享 低收入家庭中新冠肺炎相关不稳定和压力的证据及其影响 在短期和长期内影响照料者与婴儿的互动和儿童语言发展。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to understand how the COVID-19 crisis, and related changes in caregiver distress and interactions with infants, affects infant language development over a 12- month period. We propose to gather repeated measures of survey and video-recorded interaction data from a subsample (n = 100) of SMALL Talk caregiver-infant dyads during one- year of the COVID-19 pandemic. SMALL Talk is actively recruiting and interviewing low-income caregiver-infant dyads in an urban area to study predictors of children's risk of developmental language disorder (DLD) by 54 months. DLD is particularly high among low-SES children (Norbury et al., 2016). However, there are equally important inequalities for DLD risk among low-SES children (Schwab & Lew-Williams, 2016), which may be further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this supplemental project, we aim to assess, during one year of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) COVID-19-related forms and frequency of stress and resource needs among low-income caregivers with infants; (2) caregiver-infant interactions with primary and secondary caregivers at multiple, short-term intervals; and (3) how COVID-19-related stressors, caregiver distress, and access to resources affect caregiver-infant interactions and infant language development. We will use remote smart-phone based technology to gather on- line survey data and video recordings of caregiver-infant interactions multiple times during this one-year period. Innovative aspects of this supplemental grant include collecting multiple caregiver-infant interactions, including secondary caregiver-infant interactions, and using smart- phone technology to conduct in-home assessments among vulnerable groups who are often left out of digital data collection studies, including COVID-19 studies (Lourenco & Tasimi, 2020). We will use multi-level random-effects models to assess associations among caregiver distress, features of caregiver-infant interactions (including language use and caregiving quality), and infant language development. We will share this information with key stakeholders to inform the development of programs and policies to meet immediate needs of low-income families with infants. We will also publish rapid, open-access research articles and policy briefs to share evidence of COVID-19-related instability and stress in low-income families and how they are affect caregiver-infant interactions and child language development in the short- and long-term.