Impact of changing restaurant advertising on weight gain and disparities

改变餐厅广告对体重增加和差异的影响

• 批准号: 10490382
• 负责人: Briana Joy Kennedy Stephenson
• 金额: $ 5.34万
• 依托单位: DANA-FARBER CANCER INST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-27 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10490382
• 关键词: Advertising; Boston; Cancer Center; Massachusetts; Research; Restaurants; Universities; Weight Gain; cancer health disparity

Summary. Obesity is associated with 13 cancers and up to 11% of cancer in the United States is associated with excess body mass index (BMI). Evidence suggests that the food environment is associated with obesity risk, which affects one third of adults. Restaurants are an important component of the food environment. Onethird of Americans will eat at a fast food restaurant on a typical day. Restaurant sales have steadily increased over the past 5 decades; in 2015 restaurants spent $6.3 trillion in advertising (more than 100 times the NIH budget). Advertisements for unhealthy items are often targeted towards those at higher risk for obesity, and unhealthy food retail outlets, like fast food restaurants, are more densely located in low-income and minority communities. Therefore, the restaurant environment may more negatively impact low-income and racial minority populations. To date, research on the relationship between restaurant advertising and obesity risk has largely focused on children. Available studies are limited by cross-sectional data (limiting identification of causal relationships). To address these knowledge gaps, we will combine multiple data sources to create a unique, objective measure of local per capita restaurant advertising (adapting an approach we previously developed). This will be derived from local-level quarterly restaurant advertising spending from Kantar Media for the 100 top revenue generating restaurants in the U.S. and the annual physical addresses for all locations from each restaurant chain from AggData. We will test associations of restaurant advertising per capita with population weight gain using objectively measured BMI data for 2.3 million people (in 217 counties across 40 states and the District of Columbia, including 9 of the 10 most populous U.S. counties) from athenahealth. We will test whether this relationship is mediated by advertising exposure using data from Neilson Ad Intel. The overall objective is to leverage national data and provide a much-needed understanding of how exposure to changes in local restaurant advertising impacts adult weight gain and disparities. We propose two specific aims: 1) examine changes in chain restaurant advertising expenditures from 2012 to 2016 and test whether those changes vary by income and race/ethnicity and 2) estimate the associations between chain restaurant advertising and weight gain among U.S. adults, by race and SES and whether this relationship is mediated by the level of exposure to advertising. We will use a set of econometric techniques to assess whether these relationships are causal. We hypothesize that increases in restaurant advertising per capita were larger in areas with higher concentrations of racial/ethnic minority and low-income populations and that greater exposure to restaurant advertising will be associated with higher weight gain, particularly for low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations and those with higher advertising exposure. This research will make a highly significant contribution to our understanding of how restaurant advertising impacts weight gain and disparities among adults, with important implications for subsequent cancer outcomes and health equity.

概括。肥胖症与13种癌症有关，美国最多有11％的癌症是相关的 体重指数过多（BMI）。证据表明食物环境与肥胖有关 风险，影响成年人的三分之一。餐馆是食品环境的重要组成部分。典型的一天，三分之一的美国人将在快餐店吃饭。餐厅的销售量稳步增长 在过去的五十年中； 2015年，餐厅花费了6.3万亿美元的广告（超过100倍NIH 预算）。不健康项目的广告通常针对肥胖风险较高的广告，并且 不健康的食品零售店，例如快餐店，位于低收入和少数群体中 社区。因此，餐厅环境可能会对低收入和种族产生负面影响 少数群体。迄今为止，关于餐厅广告与肥胖风险之间关系的研究 主要专注于儿童。可用的研究受横截面数据的限制（限制识别 因果关系）。为了解决这些知识差距，我们将结合多个数据源以创建一个 独特的，客观的衡量当地人均餐厅广告（适应我们以前的方法 发达）。这将来自坎塔尔媒体的本地级季度餐厅广告支出 对于美国的100家最高收入产生餐厅以及所有地点的年度实际地址 来自Aggdata的每个餐厅连锁店。我们将测试人均餐厅广告的协会与 使用客观测量的230万人的BMI数据（在40个县中的217个县，人口体重增加 来自雅典娜健康的各州和哥伦比亚特区，包括10个人口最多的美国县中的9个。我们 将通过使用Neilson AD Intel的数据来测试这种关系是否是通过广告曝光来介导的。这 总体目标是利用国家数据并提供急需的了解 当地餐厅广告的变化会影响成人体重增加和差异。我们提出了两个特定的 目的：1）检查2012年至2016年的连锁餐厅广告支出的变化，并测试是否是否 这些变化因收入和种族/种族而异，2）估计连锁餐厅之间的关联 美国成年人，种族和SES的广告和体重增加以及这种关系是否由 广告接触水平。我们将使用一组计量经济学技术来评估这些方法是否 关系是因果关系。我们假设人均餐厅广告的增加更大 种族/族裔少数民族和低收入人群的浓度较高，而且更大 接触餐厅广告将与更高的体重增加有关，尤其是低收入和 种族/族裔少数民族以及广告范围更高的人群。这项研究将使 我们对餐厅广告如何影响体重增加和差异的理解做出了重大贡献 在成年人中，对随后的癌症结局和健康公平有重要影响。